Process attributes

There is some confusion concerning terminology used for drug delivery when control of drug release is discussed. Within this chapter we will use an empirical approach. When a drug-delivery system does not contain any design element (formulation or process attribute) that is included to modify either spatial or... 

The mobilization of arsenic from the tailings material seems to be a slow and continuos process attributed to reduction of iron phases. The seepage water of the middle source contains arsenite as well as arsenate in high concentrations and seems to be the only water source in contact with the tailings material. The concentrations of arsenic downstream are still high and the immobilization process by precipitation of iron hydroxide and coprecipitation or sorption of arsenic is incomplete. A reason for this may be the slow kinetics of the oxidation process and the transport of fine grained hydroxide particles. These particles are mobile and can bind the arsenic (mainly as arsenate) too. 

Dove was launched in 1955 reaching a US market share of almost 3% by tonnage sold [1], This chapter will review the set of product and process attributes that were identified as critical to a successful launch for Dove , the laboratory techniques that were used to assess these properties, and the experimental program that identified the actual composition [6],... 

In addition to these product attributes, there was one processing attribute that could not be decoupled from the product composition the bar needed to be manufactured on a standard soap production line without the need for significant capital investment. This is because soap manufacture is quite capital intensive [7,8], and Unilever wished to make use of its considerable capital investment. 

For the sake of simplicity, hereafter the charge of the species is omitted. The preceding chemical reaction is assumed to be a chemically reversible process attributed with first-order forward (s ) and backward kb (s ) rate constants. In the real experimental systems, the forward chemical reaction is most frequently a second-order process ... 

Hydrogen separations with metal hydrides can be viewed as complementary technology to cryogenic and adsorption (PSA) processes. Attributes of this new process are listed in Table II,... 

Samhoun and David [169] have studied the reduction of Cf(III) by radiopolarography in 0.1 M LiCl at pH 2 and found a reversible electrode process attributed to the Cf(III)/Cf(0) couple at 1/2 = —1.508 V versus SHE with an estimated standard potential of —2.030 V. These results were called into question in a subsequent paper by Musikas etal. [173] in which they determined... 

Development of PAT approaches for process scale-up is likely to take place at several levels. At the conceptually simplest level, PAT presupposes the development of sensing instruments capable of monitoring process attributes online and in real time. 

Clearly identified process attributes provide organizations more than tribal knowledge to pass onto the next process owner.They provide clear structure, process, and other attributes critical to the ongoing success of the enterprise. The organization becomes reliant on their system and processes not people s personal knowledge, which can be lost with staff turnover. 

Process mapping of the enterprise s requirements to supply product enables design of the processes required for the system. Staff, management, and leadership input into the business needs provide additional guidance into processes attributes. 

These dendrimers show one oxidation, due to Ru(III)/Ru(II) couple, and two reduction processes, attributed to the first and second reduction of the ligands. Scanning the potential to more negative values, adsorption onto Pt electrode occurs and charge trapping peaks are observed. These peaks likely arise from redox centers that are electronically isolated from the electrode surface, so that their redox reactions are mediated by adjacent redox sites. Morphological changes of the deposited film have been observed upon application of a potential difference and they have been attributed to the deposition or dissolution of the dendrimer and/or to ejection or adsorption of counterions and/or solvent into the film. 

Summary of in-process and finished-product data, including as appropriate, such in-process attributes as weight, thickness, hardness, and total accounted yield assay, dissolution, and content uniformity. 

QC tools will be used, such as check sheets, histograms, Pareto diagrams, and cause-and-effect diagrams. Scatter diagrams and control charts will be provided, where appropriate, for in-process attributes and finished-product data as an attachment. 

The discussion here is limited to the following topics that concern photochromic classes that are potential plastic colorants chemical types or classification, manufacture, activation processes, attributes, and industrial usage. 

For each process step, enter the associated attributes—characteristics or factors that have the potential to affect the process flow or outcome. The specihc attributes you use will depend on your process. To determine the number of elevators for our skyscraper example, we ll use the following process attributes ... 

The excited-state decay kinetics of Ru(bpy)2(dcb) + -Ti02 immersed in neat acetonitrile, probed by transient absorption spectroscopy, exhibited nonexponential kinetics. By minimizing the excitation irradiance, near exponential kinetics were observed for excited-state decay. However, at high excitation irradiance, second-order kinetics were found to fit the experimental data well. These observations are consistent with competitive first- and second-order processes attributed to radiative and nonradiative excited-state deactivation, Eq. 21, proceeding in parallel with excited-state annihilation, Eq. 22 ... 

Mixed matrix membranes with molecular sieves incorporated combine the high separation capacity of molecular sieving materials (see Section 4.3.2) with the desirable mechanical properties and economical processing attributes of polymeric materials. 

The melt processes require at least a meltable material in the manufacture of the solid dosage form. This article intends to address the influence of meltable materials on the processes of melt pelletization, melt granulation, and tumbling melt granulation. Approaches to meet the processing attributes of the meltable materials for these melt agglomeration processes, via spray congealing, are discussed. 

These sites are passed to FEASIBLE-P, which searches the reaction-environment to establish potential radical forming processes thermal cleavage, photochemical cleavage, and oxidation-reduction processes. Attributes describing reaction-environment establish thermal cleavage as a likely initiation mechanism photochemical cleavage... 

In accordance to the data reported in the literature for bulk hyperbranched polyesters [34,35], three relaxation processes are also observed in thin POHOAc films, (Fig. 23) the alpha relaxation process, representing the dynamic glass transition, the beta process, attributed to the relaxation of the ester groups, and the gamma relaxation process, originating from fluctuations of the —OH end groups. The latter two, which are broad and not well-separated from one another, are only distinguishable in the temperature representation of the dielectric spectra (inset, Fig. 23). 

Perhaps the earliest recorded attempt at solvent processing occurred in Vega, Rumania in 1909 where a process attributed to Erdeleanu was developed to reduce the smoke in flames produced when burning kerosene derived from Rumanian crude oils. The solvent of choice in this operation was liquid sulfur dioxide. The first commercial application of this process was in Rouen, France in 1911. 

---