Light-directed synthesis

Fodor, S. P. (1991). Light-directed, spatially addressable parallel chemical synthesis. Science 251, 767-773. 

In-situ Light-Directed Synthesis of Oligonucleotides for High Density Arrays... 

In-situ photofabrication of OND arrays involves light-directed, spatially addressable, parallel (combinatorial) chemical synthesis [35,43,66-68]. A surface, usually a sihcon wafer or a glass slide, is coated with hnker molecules... 

Optical Tweezers, Light-Directed Synthesis, and Imaging... 

Light-directed solid state synthesis of peptides217 and oligonucleotides is another new tool.218 Development of this technology may provide new advances in preparation of DNA chips (Chapter 26) with a higher density of components than are now available. 

I-odor. S P A. 01 at. "Light-Directed. Spatially Addressable Parallel Chemical Synthesis.". Vcienee, 767 (February IS. 19911 Jam>ld. M.F. "Nanosurfaee Clietnisiry on Size-Selected Silicon C liniers." Seitner. 1085 tMay 14. 1991). 

Oligonucleotide and peptide microarrays can be prepared in situ with light-directed synthesis on a glass surface in conjunction with either a photolithographic method or using a micromirror device (2,11-15). However, these methods are not useful for most organic synthesis. Furthermore, such approaches require equipment that is not readily available. Spot synthesis on cellulose membrane is another in situ synthesis method, but the resulting microarrays are low density (16). 

LeProust, E., Pellois, J. P., Yu, P., et al. (2000) Digital light-directed synthesis. A microarray platform that permits rapid reaction optimization on a combinatorial basis. J. Comb. Chem. 2, 349-354. 

Gao, X., LeProust, E., Zhang, H., et al. (2001) A flexible light-directed DNA chip synthesis gated by deprotection using solution photogenerated acids. Nucleic Acids Res. 29, 4744-4750. 

Fig. 1. Light-directed synthesis of polynucleotide probe arrays. Exposure to light through a photolithographic mask is used to remove protecting groups from surface sites in pre-defined regions of a functionalized glass substrate. A solution of an activated polynucleotide building block is then applied, which reacts specifically in the exposed regions of the substrate. Repeated cycles of illumination-deprotection and monomer coupling are used to construct a two-dimensional array of probe sequences...

Fig. 6.2.3. Photo-cleavable protecting groups used in light-directed synthesis of DNA chips.

The usefulness of this family of protecting groups has been proved in countless applications, both in the total synthesis of natural products, where protecting group orthogonality is often a critical issue (e.g., in the total synthesis of Calicheamycin [ 15] or Aplysiatoxin [16] Scheme 13.3) or in the light-directed synthesis of oligonucleotides (DNA-chips) [17]. 

Bhushan, K.R. (2006) Light-directed maskless synthesis of peptide arrays using photolabile amino acid monomers. 

Fig. 5 Commonly used photo-protecting groups for alcohols and amines in light-directed oligonucleotide synthesis...

McGall GH, Barone AD, Digglemann M, Fodor SPA, Gentalen E, Ngo N (1997) The effiency of light-directed synthesis of DNA arrays on glass substrates. J Am Chem Soc 119 5081-5091... 

Light-directed masking/unmasking strategies for biooiigomer library synthesis... 

Synthesis Less efficient (except for light- directed synthesis methods, which are more efficient but restricted to peptides or peptoids) Highly efficient using the split synthesis method... 

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