Probe array system

Shear Horizontal (SH) waves generated by Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) have been used for sizing fatigue cracks and machined notches in steels by Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOED) method. The used EMATs have been Phased Array-Probes and have been operated by State-of-the-art PC based phased array systems. Test and system parameters have been optimised to maximise defect detection and signal processing methods have been applied to improve accuracy in the transit time measurements. 

Total RNA is isolated from the lymphocytes according to standard procedures and used as a template for radioactive labeled cDNA synthesis. The purified cDNA is used as probe for cDNA expression arrays. The advantages of this method as compared to other array systems are as follows (1) Radioactive-labeled probes are more sensitive than fluorescent-labeled probes and therefore need less sample RNA. (2) The primers used in the cDNA synthesis match the genes represented on the array. (3) The primer sequences are longer compared to other array systems, which increases the hybridization fidelity of RNA to the matching correct set of genes and therefore reduces mismatch reactions. 

The cantilevers chip was mounted in a standard cantilever holder and was coated with 27 nm thick Cr to ensure good electrical conductivity. Aligning the probe array parallel to the sample surface was achieved using the internal laser signal feedback control system of the... 

The electroresistivity probe, recently proposed by Burgess and Calder-bank (B32, B33) for the measurement of bubble properties in bubble dispersions, is a very promising apparatus. A three-dimensional resistivity probe with five channels was designed in order to sense the bubble approach angle, as well as to measure bubble size and velocity in sieve tray froths. This probe system accepts only bubbles whose location and direction coincide with the vertical probe axis, the discrimination function being achieved with the aid of an on-line computer which receives signals from five channels communicating with the probe array. Gas holdup, gas-flow specific interfacial area, and even gas and liquid-side mass-transfer efficiencies have been calculated directly from the local measured distributions of bubble size and velocity. The derived values of the disper-... 

Products/technologies Offers an automated combinatorial chemistry analysis system built around the HP 1100 Series HPLC, with the Gilson 233 XL sampling injector. Its GeneArray Scanner focuses a laser onto a 3-pm section of a 20-prn probe array on the Affymetrix chip and scans the chip in as little as 5 min. The company claims the GeneArray can read next-generation Gene-Chip probe arrays with up to 400,000 DNA probe sequences. 

Presearch is a British-based company, which offers a variety of instruments from different manufacturers. These include the Prometheus SAS-FMS system, which is billed as the first odor and volatile organic compounds (VOC) analyzer, which combines a sensitive fingerprint mass spectrometer (FMS) with a sensor array system (SAS). This system allows direct analysis of samples without pretreatment [25]. In addition, the company offers the Astree II e-tongue sensor array, which consists of seven sensors on a probe, which can be automatically lowered into a vessel containing the sample to be analyzed. The process is electrochemically based on the response of the sensors being dependent on the type and quantity of molecules present in the sample [26]. 

Faglia et al used four probe array analysis in the gas detection system to distinguish between the grain contribution and the contact contribution. This suggested that the contact contribution was very important for CO detection, while the material contributes to CH4 detection in tin oxide gas sensors. For four-electrode semiconductor sensor design, CrTiOj (CTO) and W03/Ti02 have mainly been used. 

The probe array is known to differ from the bulk aqueous reference system in three principal ways. First, each synthesis site contains a substantial number of truncated probes in addition to the desired full length probes. Second, the probe array resides at an abrupt dielectric discontinuity. Third, local concentrations of probes are known to be... 

---