Prior Informed Consent procedur

The document lists common technical grade pesticides and recommended classihcations together with a listing of active ingredients believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as pesticides, pesticides subject to the prior informed consent procedure, limitations to trade because of the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) convention (UN 2001), and gaseous or volatile fumigants not classified under these recommendations. 

Chemicals subject to the Prior Informed Consent Procedure International right-to-know... 

Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, and the Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade. 

IFCS in 2000 also recognised the role of information exchange in relation to toxic chemicals in the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade. It encouraged its implementation. The Convention went into force in 2004. It requires information prior to export of some 30 chemicals that are listed, most of these with very little circulation. Additions of live chemicals have been very controversial. At the Conference of the Parties in 2008, agreement was reached to add tributyl tin compounds but not concerning chrysotile asbestos and endosulfane. The IFCS in 2000 also recognised the importance of providing all relevant parties with safety information consistent with the safety data sheets. 

Prior informed consent procedures should include the national authority and the indigenous group providing the genetic resources or the traditional knowledge. At the same time, those requesting access to genetic resources and... 

In addition, in the field of the sound management of chemicals, two very recent treaties - the Rotterdam Convention on the prior informed consent procedure, which entered into force on 24 February 2004, and the Stockholm POPs Convention, which entered into force on 17 May 2004 - have attracted the interest of large numbers of States not Party to... 

Rotterdam Convention means the Rotterdam Convention on the prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade. 

The chemical industry spans many countries of the world and chemicals are used worldwide. Despite the plethora of regulations on chemicals, many countries do not have adequate legislation or the necessary infrastructure to ensure their safe use. To help overcome this situation there is an international initiative for wide sharing of information and to provide support through training programmes and technical expertise. The Rotterdam Convention on the prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade, adopted in 1998, is an example. Other international agreements worthy of mention... 

Taking note of the successful conclusion of the negotiations to develop a legally binding instrument for the application of the prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade (Rotterdam Convention),... 

The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade. The convention was adopted in 1998. The convention enables for monitoring and control the international trade in very dangerous substances. According to the convention export of a chemical can be realized only with the prior informed consent of the importing country. The convention includes a list of 22 pesticides including aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, chlordane, heptachlore, HCB, and 5 industrial chemicals. 

In practice, compliance with the published protocols and procedures is not simple and straightforward. Prior informed consent (PIC) is required for both an Academic Research Agreement (ARA) and a Commercial Research Agreement (CRA). However, in the case of the ARA, the application may be processed and the ARA may be executed without the PIC certificate, provided the certificate is acquired by the principal investigator/collector prior to the actual bioprospecting activity. 

The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade was adopted on 10 September 1998. The Convention was ratified by 50 countries (Parties) and entered into force (e.i.f.) on February 24, 2004. Presently, it provides a legal basis for the implementing of the existing PIC procedure that was operated on voluntary basis since 1989. UNEP and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) jointly serve as the secretariat for the Convention. 

The Joint UNEP/FAO Interim Secretariat for the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade publishes PIC circulars every six months, containing notifications received from national authorities on the final regulatory action to ban or severely restrict a chemical. The current ninth issue of the List contains data taken from PIC circulars issued between December 2001 and June 2003. It includes information on nine new products, together with updated and/or new information on 47 existing products. In view of the small number of new products, no commercial information on trade/brand names was included in the ninth issue. 

National environmental laws often reflect two global treaties, the Rotterdam Convention and the Stockholm Convention. Brief summaries follow. The Rotterdam Convention establishes a prior informed consent (PIC) procedure for importing shipments of chemicals listed in Annex 111 of the convention and provides for information exchange between participating countries. Adopted in September 1998, it entered into force February 2004 [1]. The 2001 Stockholm Convention requires parties to the treaty to take measures to eliminate or reduce the release of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the environment [2]. As described in this chapter, regulations on persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances address POPs. Industry value in 1970 dollars adjusted for inflation using the US Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics inflation calculator at http //www.bls.gov/data/inflation calcula-tor.htm, equivalent to 1.01 trillion in 2010. 

Under the auspices of the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), an international conference of plenipotentiaries meeting in Rotterdam in September 1998 approved a Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international tirade s ll Once ratified by 50 nations, PIC will swing into action and become a major player in international commerce by ensuring that certain listed products can only be exported once the receiving (importing) country, has officially given its Informed Consenf for that importation. 

An essential element of any medical program is informed patient consent prior to the performance of any test or procedure. Although informed consent is not specifically mentioned in the ACOEM components of occupational and environmental health programs, it is inherent in the ethical practice of medicine. The ACOEM Code of Ethical Conduct (adopted October 25,1993) states that physicians should relate honestly and ethically in all professional relationships. Also, the Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics has issued guidance relative to patient consent, confidentiality of medical records, and communication of the results of tests and procedures (AOEC, 1987). 

Confirm that all the subjects screened have signed an informed consent prior to undergoing any study related procedures. 

Freely given informed consent should be obtained from every subject prior to clinical trial participation. Informed consent of a subject includes informing the subject that the trial involves research, their participation is voluntary, and they may refuse to participate or withdraw at any time without penalty or loss of benefits. The subject is also informed of the purpose of the trial and the probability of being assigned to each treatment in the trial, the trial procedures to be followed, and the subject s responsibilities in the trial. The subject is informed of any reasonably foreseeable risks and potential benefits of the study and any alternative courses of treatment other than participation in the study. 

Before starting any elective embolization it is important to talk to the patient and obtain informed consent. In talking to the patient, emphasis should not only be on the advantages but also on the risks and complications of embolization therapy. Alternative therapeutic options should be discussed. In both emergency and elective embolization there is no scientific proof that antibiotics should be given prior to embolization. Always work as a team with the referring physician, to have a back-up plan for possible procedure failure or complications. 

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