Primary Fire Pumps

A single pump and tank is not an adequate water supply. It requires the prime mover to operate. A satisfactory pumping supply is thought to be 

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Fire pumps should be solely dedicated to fire protection. They may be used to feed into a backup system for emergency process cooling but not as the primary supply. If such backup is allowed is should be tightly controlled and easily accessible for prompt shutdown in case of a real emergency. 

The primary loop pumps will normally be powered during operation by process generated steam in the secondary loop. During initial phases of startup and after shutdown they will be powered by steam generated by the local oil-fired boiler. In the event of failure of the local boiler the process can be shut down and maintained In the shutdown condition without fuel damage by the use of BPA electrically powered motors provided for the piurpose Any two of the five primary loop process pumps have the capability of providing adequate... 

Secondary Supplies. Many times at semiconductor facilities, multiple water supplies are required for redundancy. The reliability of the double pump and tank arrangement as a primary supply would also qualify as a secondary supply. Many times, even if there is satisfactory private supply, a secondary supply would be recommended. This is the ability to have water on site even with an impairment to the municipal water supply. When a secondary water supply is provided, the sprinklers should be designed to the weaker water supply. If the sprinkler demand is 1,000 gpm, sprinklers would be designed to a 50 psi residual pressure provided by the city water in lieu of the 100 psi provided by the fire pump. Many times to take advantage of the higher design pressures and use smaller sprinkler pipe, a booster pump would be also provided on the city water to match pressures to a pump and tank. In a facility with a large number of sprinkler systems, the smaller pipe and easier installation could make the overall system more economical. 

Air-staged burners Low-NO air-staged burners for firing gas (or oil) are shown in Fig. 24-28. A high-performance, low-NO, burner for high-temperature furnaces is shown in Fig. 24-32. In this design, both air-staging and external flue-gas recirculation are used to achieve extremely low levels of NO emissions (approximately 90 percent lower than conventional burners). The flue gas is recirculated by a jet-pump driven by the primary combustion air. 

The use of cooling tower basins and process water pumps as fire water supply is not recommended. This water is usually treated with chemicals or may be contaminated with hydrocarbons that interfere with the use of foam extinguishing agents. At best, this supply could serve as a secondary system, should the primary supply be interrupted, using emergency connections. 

The plant shutdown (which distracted the operators and made the electric fire water pump unavailable) was caused by a thunderstorm that tripped the primary feeder and no backup feeder was installed. The unit should be designed to shutdown safely on loss of power. (Process hazards analysis)... 

The primary key for safe laboratory operations is the fume hood, which removes harmful vapors. The fume hood should be correctly drawing air across the open surface. Clutter within the hood must be minimized for safe operations. Outside the hood, all equipment such as gas cylinders, must be safely secured. Personnel must be protected from any moving equipment, such as belts and wheels of pumps and air compressors. All emergency equipment, such as fire extinguishers and spill containment pillows, must be readily accessible. 

Tissue In a mill manufacmring primarily facial grades from bisulfite pine and Kraft hardwood, the primary cause of foam is the wet strength resin used in production. The negative impact of foam is twofold. First, heavy foam would fill the basement, where the electrical room is located, creating the potential for a major fire. Second, entrained air in the stock would increase the workload on the fan pump, reducing machine efficiency and production. 

The first part of the Information Manual provides an overview description of the process facility, what its primary functions and products are, and what those products are used for. The process overview can include information to do with the facility s location, its impact on the environment, and general public relations issues to do with the local community. An overview of meteorology data can be included in this section also. The overview will also provide a summary of the major equipment items such as distillation columns, fired heaters, compressors, pumps, and heat exchangers. A layout sketch for each level of the facility (or each deck of a platform) should be provided. 

The primary causes for loss of containment of fluids are pipe or flange failure, pump seal failure, explosions, fires, overfilled tanks, over-pressured tanks, and overturned drums or containers. Because loss of containment creates serious situations, the early... 

Various components and mechanisms which are working in active sodium of the primary circuit need to be decontaminated before they are inspected, sent for maintenance or dismantled for repair without the risk of sodium fire and radio activity. The decontamination facility consists of three pits. Pit No.l 2 are used for large components viz., IHX, pump, etc. Pit No.3 is used for small components like guide tube, CRDM, level probes and core co-ordination measuring device (CCMD). 

PHENTX, SUPERPHENIX and PFR are so-called pool reactors, whereas the other three projects are loop reactors. In a pool reactor, the whole primary heat transfer system including main pumps and intermediate heat exchangers is integrated into the reactor vessel (pool), while the loop reactors have parallel primary sodium heat transfer circuits (loops) with the main heat transfer components external to the reactor vessel. The secondary heat transfer system, installed between primary system and water/steam system for safety reasons, is practically identical in both cases. It also consists of three parallel circuits. Live steam conditions and the achievable efficiency are very similar in all plants 500°C, 165 bar, 40%. These are close to the conditions of coal-fired stations. 

H Building Is called the Standby Powerhouse. The name In a sense la a misnomer, because the building houses the local 15 turbine generator idilch normally produces half the required electrical supply as well as an oil-fired boiler which can supply steam to drive the primary pumps for circulation of coolant at up to half flow, plus the entire stesm requirements of the turbine generator. The 184-N Building also houses chemical mining and injection equipment. 

The fuel solution of highly enriched uranyl sulfate in heavy water is circulated by a canned-motor pump located in the cold leg of the primary loop and pressurized to prevent boiling and cavitation in the pump. The steam generated in the heat exchanger is superheated in a gas-fired superheater, and the superheated steam drives conventional turbogeiierating equipment for the production of electricity. 

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