Water supply secondary

Species Water supply Secondary sewage Increment added Species Water supply Secondary sewage Increment added... 

Loss of River Water Failure of the river water supply to the once-through secondary cooling system requiring conservation of the water on hand. 

Respiratory Effects. One study suggested increased respiratory disorders (asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia) in children with chronic exposure to a solvent-contaminated water supply (Byers et al. 1988). Two municipal wells in eastern Woburn, Massachusetts, were found to contain several solvents including trichloroethylene (267 ppb) and tetrachloroethylene (21 ppb). The increased susceptibility to infection may be secondary to effects on the immune system. Accurate chemical-specific exposure levels for individuals could not be determined because the water distribution system was designed to use water from different wells at different rates and times. Other limitations of this study are described in Section 2.2.2.8. 

Protected for wildlife, fish, aquatic and semiaquatic life and secondary contact water uses h Protected as a raw water source of potable water supply... 

The use of cooling tower basins and process water pumps as fire water supply is not recommended. This water is usually treated with chemicals or may be contaminated with hydrocarbons that interfere with the use of foam extinguishing agents. At best, this supply could serve as a secondary system, should the primary supply be interrupted, using emergency connections. 

Where water supplies are inadequate for conventional firefighting and foam making, automatically activated fixed clean agent or CO2 systems may be considered for seal fire protection. The agent should be discharged into the seal area below the secondary seal. Fire detection options for these automatic systems include reusable thermal wires and pneumatic tube devices. Thermal wire is typically the more economical choice. 

Even if one assumes that artificial snowmaking equipment will be used on many more ski slopes in the alpine region in the future, the influence of this application on the natural water cycle - at least from a large-scale viewpoint - is of secondary importance. However, intensive snowmaking is likely to exacerbate local shortages and conflicts related to water supplies and use. 

A terrorist release of weapons of mass destruction damage to chemical and industrial plants, sewer lines, and water distribution systems and secondary hazards such as fires will result in toxic environmental and public health hazards to the surviving population and response personnel, including exposure to hazardous chemicals, biological substances, radiological substances, and contaminated water supplies, crops, livestock, and food products. 

Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are objectionable in water supplies because they impart brownish colors to laundered goods. Fe also affects the taste of beverages such as tea and coffee. Mn flavors tea and coffee with a medicinal taste. The SMCLs (secondary MCLs) for Fe and Mn are, respectively, 0.3 and 0.05 mg/L. 

The most common use of chlorine in sewage treatment is for disinfection, which usually is the last treatment step in a secondary biological wastewater treatment plant. Where the treated secondary effluent is fed into a stream to be used for water supply or for recreational purposes, chlorination is effective in destroying the disease-producing pathogens found in treated wastewater. Other principal uses of chlorine are odor control and control of bulking in activated sludge. 

Data on persistence of chemical agents indicate that attention should be given to potential effects on water supplies. Because it is unlikely that such contamination would occur, this is a secondary planning concern. In addition to the potential for water contamination from the primary agents, there is also potential for contamination by toxic decomposition products. Contamination of surface water bodies used as public water supplies would be of immediate concern. Groundwater supplies could also be affected if the agents migrate into the substrata. 

Failure of cooling water supply to secondary reactor and dilution tank. 

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