Preventing Hazards

Make sure that the safety policy shows that the organization is as concerned about its employees health as it is about safety. Use a medical provider knowledgeable in medical case management when developing and prescribing health training and other preventive activities [1]. 

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Has the facility established an effective critical equipment maintenance program to prevent hazardous failures If no, explain. 

These measures prevent hazardous potentials from developing on conductors at the greatest anticipated charging current. This does not require a short circuit since charging currents are typically less than 100 juA. Depending on the system, allowable resistance to ground may be 1 or more. 

For some types of production, the facility housing the equipment and machinery needed to create, move, and store product has to be designed. The pathways for raw materials and semi-finished product need to be thought out and the gangways for staff movement need careful planning to prevent hazard. 

For compacted, low-permeability soil liners, the U.S. EPA draft guidance recommends natural soil materials, such as clays and silts. However, soils amended or blended with different additives (e.g., lime, cement, bentonite clays, and borrow clays) may also meet the current selection criteria of low hydraulic conductivity, or permeability, and sufficient thickness to prevent hazardous constituent migration out of the landfill unit. Therefore, U.S. EPA does not exclude compacted soil liners that contain these amendments. Additional factors affecting the design and construction of CCLs include plasticity index (PI), Atterburg limits, grain sizes, clay mineralogy, and attenuation properties. 

The numerical results indicate superior performance of composite liner systems over CCLs in preventing hazardous constituent migration out of the unit and maximizing leachate collection and removal. Consequently, owners of new units subject to the double-liner requirement of FISWA are now installing composite bottom liners or double composite liner systems.3... 

In general, the safety of a process relies on multiple layers of protection. The first layer of protection is the process design features. Subsequent layers include control systems, interlocks, safety shutdown systems, protective systems, alarms, and emergency response plans. Inherent safety is a part of all layers of protection however, it is especially directed toward process design features. The best approach to prevent accidents is to add process design features to prevent hazardous situations. An inherently safer plant is more tolerant of operator errors and abnormal conditions. 

An important concept in process safety is inherent safety. This means that the process is designed in such a fashion as to prevent hazards from resulting in an accident. 

Kletz, T. A. 1985. Cheaper, safer plants, or wealth and safety at work. Loss Prevention Hazard Workshop Module. 2nd ed. Rugby IChemE. 

In the cases where EPA has formally required such testing, the manufacturers have withdrawn their applications and suspended plans to produce the chemicals. While the decision not to produce a potentially toxic substance may serve the goal of TSCA to identify and prevent hazards before people are exposed, how can one quantitate the health impact of the manufacturers decisions I pose this question rhetorically, since EPA s requests for additional testing stemmed from a data base inadequate to assess risk. In other words, since there was not enough information in the first place to know whether there might even be a substantial health risk, it would be impossible to estimate the health impact of deciding not to produce such chemicals. 

Ventilation must be provided in CNG vehicle maintenance garages and vehicle storage buildings through ceiling exhaust systems to prevent hazardous CNG accu-... 

Other kinds of electrical equipment may also be used in hazardous locations. One kind is purged and pressurized electrical equipment. This equipment works by using air or nonflammable protective gas flow or pressure to prevent hazardous materials from entering the enclosure NFPA 496 defines three types of purged and pressurized equipment as identified in Table 7-5. 

Diked ASTs Fire codes dictate flammable and combustible liquid tanks have spill control in the form of dike, remote impounding, or small secondary containment tanks. The dike must contain the content of the largest tank to prevent hazardous liquids from endangering the public and property. Traditional bulk storage systems will include multiple tanks within a concrete or earthen dike wall. 

Kletz, "Cheaper Safer Plants, or Wealth and Safety at Work", Loss Prevention Hazard Workshop Module, Second edition, IChemE, 1985... 

Jones, T.B., and King, J.L., Powder Handling and Electrostatics Understanding and Preventing Hazards, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI, 1992. 

Prevent hazards to the environment by following accepted waste disposal procedures. Chemical reactions may require traps or scrubbing devices to prevent the escape of toxic substances. 

The Bhopal plant of Union Carbide was built originally 1.5 miles from the nearest housing (see below under Case Histories ). Over time, a residential area grew up next to the plant. This demonstrates the need to prevent hazardous plants from being located close to residential areas and to prevent residential areas from being established near such plants.4 If possible, the cost of a plant should include an adequate buffer zone unless other... 

Plastic drums 210 L, up to 500 L precautions to prevent hazardous reactions incompatible... 

Typical reinforced concrete barricades are shown in Figure 2. The barricades are designed as cubicles with three walls to withstand direct blast pressure and to prevent propagation of a detonation from one area to the next [2]. They do not prevent hazardous run-up reactions where a fire can start in one cubicle and through pyrotechnic dust in the air or accumulation on equipment, spread from one cubicle to another until the entire facility is in flames. 

Thus, this book intends to provide a source of easily accessible and concise information and guidance to busy prescribers, dispensers and users to minimize this avoidable or preventable hazard. 

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