Pressure groups

Pressure groups in the environmentally aware political parties can make excessive demands. Often good public relations meetings can meet these, but the more reputable cooling tower suppliers can be invaluable in dealing with such matters. 

A word of caution should be added with regard to the calculation of the burn-out flux for a pressure intermediate to the main pressure groups that have been correlated this calculation must not be done by taking intermediate y values from Table II. The recommended procedure is to estimate the burn-out flux for the required conditions for the main pressure groups above and below the required pressure, and then to interpolate linearly. It must be also emphasized that while the above correlations can be used with confidence within the experimental ranges of the data, extrapolation outside these ranges should not be taken very far without allowing for a possible reduction in the accuracy obtained. 

The optimized y values and the corresponding rms errors achieved for each of the four pressure groups are given in Table IV. The errors are generally higher than usual, but examination shows they are attributable to the experimental scatter which is often found to be large in early burn-out data. 

The consumer movement, particularly the Consumers Health Fomm, also has considerable political influence. As a result of political pressure exerted by HIV/AIDS pressure groups and industry, the DRA was reviewed, new legislation introduced and new committees established to ensure that the regulatory authority responded more efficiently to public and political needs. Professional associations, especially the Pharmacy Guild of Australia, have traditionally played an active role in decisions related to pharmaceutical regulation. The Australian Pharmaceutical Advisory Council was established by the Australian Government to advise the Commonwealth Minister for Health on pharmaceutical policy. 

Hausermann D, Hanfland M (1996) High Press Res 14(4—6) 223. Fourth workshop of the lUCr high pressure group on synchrotron and neutron sources, KEK, Japan, 22-24 Mar 1995... 

Delattre J, Badding J (1999) J Solid State Chem 144(1) 16 Hu JZ, Merkle LD, Menoni CS, Spain IL (1986) Phys Rev B 34(7) 4679 Baublitz MA, Arnold V, Ruoff AL (1981) Rev Sci Instrum 52(11) 1616 Hammersley AP, Svensson SO, Hanfland M, Fitch AN, Hausermann D (1996) High Press Res 14(4-6) 235. Fourth Workshop of the lUCr High Pressure Group on Synchrotron and Neutron Sources, Kek, Japan, 22-24 Mar 1995... 

Becker, Gary. 1983. A Theory of Competition Among Pressure Groups for Political Influence. Quarterly Journal of Economics 98 371-400. 

Who are the stakeholders, pressure groups, interested parties, potential allies ... 

Global warming pressure groups would have the world believe that catastrophic changes in the earth s climate will occur without drastic limitations of carbon dioxide emissions—this in spite of the fact that the carbon dioxide levels in the earth s atmosphere have been much higher than today s for much of geological history. For example, as documented by the work of Berner,13 atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were some five 15... 

For reasons of their own, pressure groups, journalists and fame-seekers will no doubt continue to peddle ecological catastrophes at an undiminishing speed. Environmentalists are quick to accuse their opponents in business of having vested interests. But their own incomes, their fame and their very existence can depend on supporting the most alarming versions of every environmental scare.80 60... 

Western Green pressure groups have maintained a PP campaign for thirty years against DDT. 

Fluoridated drinking water is currently available to only 12% of the UK population, a figure unlikely to grow due to strong opposition from pressure groups opposed to mass medication. Fluoride protects teeth in four ways (Shellis and Duckworth, 1994) ... 

In the mid-1980s the supermarkets, responding to the greening of their customers and to vociferous demands from pressure groups, dabbled tentatively in the market. Leading them was Safeway, where the commitment came from the top. Chief executive Alistair... 

The response from university scientists was also slow and generally ineffective, hampered by institutional structures and the absence of open-access databases on ecosystems and marine resources (Freire et al. 2006). However, international environmental pressure groups including Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth (FOE), World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the International Fund for... 

Indeed, the interviewees all replied that there was not much external pressure at all.14 Several interviewees also noted that if members received any communication from external pressure groups, this was usually passed on to the secretariat, which typically did not send much external information back to the members. The DG Sanco representatives argued that committee members are clever persons that are concerned about their integrity and that know that what they say and recommend can be used - and misused. The Commission s rules on integrity, independence and transparency are supposed to minimise this problem, but this obviously cannot be fully guaranteed (DG Sanco 2009). It was observed, however, that since all of the committee members have other jobs, they could simply quit if they felt that the Commission would try to influence their assessments in a particular direction. 

Figure 6.6 Synchronous motor for ELENAC ethylene compressor Explosion protection according to EN 50016 - Pressurization - Group II.

Figure 6.23 Pressurized Group I energy distribution unit at the manufacturer s site. Type of protection EEx p I Doors of the control and monitoring unit (left side) and airlock (right side) in closed position.

For many years, the plasticiser DINP has been the primary plasticiser used in PVC toys. However, it is claimed by some pressure groups that the phthalate plasticiser leaches from PVC and poses a potential health hazard to children. Toxicity is the major concern when seeking a replacement for DINP. Others are compatibility, processability, physical properties and cost. With respect to the processability and cost ratio, a table is presented for different plasticisers used in PVC toys. The use of acetyl tributyl citrate as a plasticiser in PVC is discussed. WESTERN EUROPE-GENERAL... 

P. Rawcliffe, Environmental Pressure Groups in Transition, Manchester University Press, Manchester, UK, 1998, p.53. 

The objective is to enable needs to be defined so that available resources may be deployed according to priorities set by society which has an interest in fairness between its members. The question is whether resources are to be distributed in accordance with and unregulated power struggle between professionals and associations of patients and public pressure groups — all, no doubt, warm-hearted towards deserving cases of one kind or another, but none able to view the whole scene or whether there is to be a plarmed evaluation that allows division of the resources on the basis of some visible attempt at fairness. 

However, some of you will also think that the time now is perhaps not in the pleasure of eating but in the far more base problem of providing food for everybody in this world. Problems of applied technology are, in my opinion, strongly affected by tbe importance of personal values, previous scientific background, political and economic pressure groups as well as media, etc. It is thus not an easy task to propose an acceptable truth in the vast field. 

In 1984, a remarkable and totally unpredicted phenomenon was discovered by the British Antarctic Survey, the so-called ozone hole. The discovery of ozone depletion over Antarctica during the spring period provided the first observational support for the possible effect of CFCs on the stratospheric ozone. However, the observation of ozone loss did not indicate its cause. From 1984 to 1988, several theories were postulated from CFC chemistry to atmospheric dynamics or even to cosmic electron fluxes. It was not until 1988, with the results of the 1987 Airborne Antarctic Ozone Expedition, that a probable link with CFCs was established. This prompted the Natural Resources Defense Council, an American pressure group, to sue the EPA to fulfill its 1980 promise to seek legislation to further control the manufacture and use of CFCs in the United States of America. 

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