Political influence

These really operate at two levels the grass roots level where the work people and electors put pressure on their Parliamentary representatives to 

At other times an event or incident can occur whose result is so horrifying that even Parliament is jolted into action. Unfortunately there seems to be chronic shortsightedness among MPs with the result that in these circumstances any legislations passed tends to be aimed only at the circumstances and industry involved in the incident and to miss entirely the wider opportunity that the situation offers. 

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The integrity of your process for determining customer satisfaction is paramount, otherwise you could be misled by the data and believe customers are satisfied when they are not. The process therefore needs to be free from bias, prejudice, and political influence. 

Consider, as an example, the logic of a policy decision to build and locate an electric generating plant or oil refinery. Economic considerations such as the availability of ample and inexpensive land, and social considerations such as zoning regulations and political influence, would play a major role m such a decision. In practice, this makes it more likely that plants and refineries, as well as waste sites and other locally undesirable land uses, will be located in poorer communities whose population is often largely people of color. 

The consumer movement, particularly the Consumers Health Fomm, also has considerable political influence. As a result of political pressure exerted by HIV/AIDS pressure groups and industry, the DRA was reviewed, new legislation introduced and new committees established to ensure that the regulatory authority responded more efficiently to public and political needs. Professional associations, especially the Pharmacy Guild of Australia, have traditionally played an active role in decisions related to pharmaceutical regulation. The Australian Pharmaceutical Advisory Council was established by the Australian Government to advise the Commonwealth Minister for Health on pharmaceutical policy. 

The appointment and dismissal, as well as the remuneration, of those whose decisions influence dmg regulation are therefore key factors in the independence of the DRA and determine its freedom (or otherwise) from political influence. 

A distinction should be made between the different levels of political influence operating at different levels of policy. At the macro level, the body politic is regarded as representative of the public or the electorate. Hence, politics is a means by which society decides which regulatory direction is ethically acceptable, socially preferable, economically beneficial and scientifically reliable. From the perspective of representative democracy, therefore, it is desirable for politics to determine the overall legal frameworks within which dmgs are regulated. But at the micro level, where decisions are made which apply those legal frameworks to specific cases, it is not desirable for politics to exert influence on individual cases. 

Review by supervisory body Dmg regulatory legislation normally specifies the official chain of command and the supervisory body to which the DRA must report. Administrative and legislative supervision is an important means of accountability if properly applied. However, supervision should not be used as a means of political influence over legitimate regulatory decisions. 

Becker, Gary. 1983. A Theory of Competition Among Pressure Groups for Political Influence. Quarterly Journal of Economics 98 371-400. 

Naturally, such follies have a political background. At the level of the Swedish Parliament, the green block, consisting of the Environmental Party and the likewise environmentalist Center Party, exerts a substantial political influence. The Swedish Greens control a sufficient number of members of parliament that they can swing votes in favor either of the Social Democrats or the liberal/conservatives, endowing the Greens with clout out of all proportion to their numbers. 

Political influence on agency actions are part andparcel of policies in all developed nations, but the effect of environmental extremism on policy is more pronounced in Sweden than in most other countries. Why so ... 

These are choices to be made in the coming decades, and they will be influenced largely by economics, but also by the political influence of the largest corporations. Either path would lead to the elimination of the C02 contribution to the greenhouse effect.22... 

In 1938, Dr. Sanchez Belda was promoted from Director of the National Historical Archives to the Director General of Archives and Libraries, a position with political influence, under the Minister of Education and Science. Now there was not only interest but, perhaps more important, authority together in the same person. One of his first chores was to draft legislation that would implement his project of a few years before. In a matter of months after Dr. Belda took office, the Spanish chief of state signed a decree dated September 15, 1969, that established the National Center for the Restoration of Books and Documents under the Director General of Archives and Libraries (9). 

While the political influence of expert committees has been observed, it is difficult to assess how great this influence actually is - a question that we will soon return to with regard to SCHER. Moreover, and of particular interest for the... 

Miller Achieving high social status as a good hunter, or a good orator or someone with political influence. 

American Thoracic Society (ATS)—The ATS has issued guidelines for the treatment of community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia. These guidelines have also proven valuable as a reference point for clinicians want to establish treatment guidelines in their own institution. Although ATS guidelines carry considerable political influence, they are typically more consensus driven than evidence based in nature. 

Ireland is one of the fastest-growing economies of the EU and, like Denmark, it faces a significant projected shortfall in meeting its Kyoto goal. It was also one of the few that submitted on time. But, as explained by Conor Barry, the really unique aspect of the Irish NAP experience was the relatively technical nature of the process, and the structure of consultation with industry. While the Irish NAP is perhaps the least politically influenced and most rational of those included in this volume, the government reserved a final say on some key choices and in fact overruled some recommendations from the technical group. Despite its different process, the important choices were very similar to those taken in other countries where the process was more overtly political. The NAP process in Ireland was also facilitated by a carbon tax that had been adopted to go into effect for the non-covered... 

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