Institutional Structures

C02 sequestration technology is a viable contender among a set of options to stabilize the atmospheric C02 level over the next few decades (Lackner, 2002). The technical ability to start such a process exists today, but the institutional structures required to reduce C02 emissions are still missing. For hydrogen production, carbon sequestration at the very least will buy time for alternatives to fossil fuels to become competitive. It is, however, equally possible that carbon sequestration removes the major environmental obstacles to the use of fossil fuels in which case it may prove competitive with alternatives for a long time to come. 

The response from university scientists was also slow and generally ineffective, hampered by institutional structures and the absence of open-access databases on ecosystems and marine resources (Freire et al. 2006). However, international environmental pressure groups including Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth (FOE), World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the International Fund for... 

The National Cancer Institute structures in a Tripos-compatible format... 

Strengthening institutional structures through Global Environment Facility (GEE) projects related to POPs on national and international levels. 

This corporate structure added corporate and cultural interfaces into the system s engineering tasks. In the recent reorganization, all of the system interfaces are now contained inside one corporation, which solved a lot of issues in terms of development interfaces and a lot of business issues as well. The message here is that interfaces need to be addressed not just in terms of processes but also in terms of the vital institutional structure that surrounds it. 

Interactions among policy and scientific communities vary according to the phases of the projects. To date, these interactions are not coordinated in a systematic way but rather function on an ad hoc basis (based on links among individuals , rather than institutional , structured links). On the other hand, the various policy departments have different formal and informal contact points in the Member States, coming from numerous research and policy communities with discrete interests. These communities are often also competing internally (e.g. competition between the water quality/quantity... 

Exposure limits and Institutional Structures for Hazardous Substance Regulation in the European Union. 

The creation of Institutional structures for the application of science to industry took the form of development of professional societies during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and the growth after the turn of the century of in-house Industrial research laboratories. Many of these were Initially geared towards analysis and testing."... 

The report further noted the expectation that there would be great variations in state programs due to particular local characteristics, such as the nature of the terrain, the existence of geological or measurement data indicating potential problems, technical uncertainties, differing financial capabilities, and different institutional structures. 

Finally, the institutional structure of the transportation industry plays an important role. The major competitors to the railroads all use publicly provided infrastructure. The successful development of the trucking industry as a competitor to railroads was dependent on the development of a modem highway system. Likewise, the development of the aviation industry is based on substantial public... 

Lucas, N., Papaconstantinou, D. (1985). Western European energy policies A comparative study of the influence of institutional structure on technical change. Oxford Qarendon. 

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