Preservatives Propylparaben

Technetium-99m mebrofenin is an iminodiacetic acid derivative used as a hepatobiliary agent. The kit is suppHed as a single vial containing lyopbilized mebrofenin. The reconstituted kit has 18-hour usage, owing to the preservative, propylparaben. 

Propylparabene Preservative Propylparabene, C10H12O3 Merck, Germany... 

Preservatives. Most products must contain preservatives to ensure that yeasts, molds, and bacteria do not thrive in them. These preservatives include alcohol, methylparaben, propylparaben, DMDM hydantoin, diazohdinyl urea, and imidazohdinyl urea. The parabens have limited solubiUty in water, eg, 0.25% for methylparaben and 0.05% for propylparaben (22). If these levels are exceeded in the formula, then the addition of solvents is needed to ensure clear, stable products. 

Although this chapter is directed toward ophthalmic products, it is largely applicable to parenteral and even nonsterile products (solutions, emulsions, and suspensions). The choice of preservative is limited to only a few chemicals that have been found, over the years, to be safe and effective for this purpose. These are benzalkonium chloride, thimerosal, methyl- and propylparaben, phenylethanol, chlorhexidine,... 

N-propyl nitrate org chem C3H7NO3 A white to straw-colored liquid with a boiling range of I04-I27°C used as a monopropellant rocket fuel. en pro-pal nT.trat) propylparaben orgchem C,oH,203 Colorless crystals or white powder with a melting point of 9 j-98°C soluble in acetone, ether, and alcohol used in medicine and as a food preservative and fungicide.. pro pal par-a-ban ... 

Methylparaben, Propylparaben preservative magnesium trisilicate, talc, tragacanth, sodium alginate, essential oils, sorbitol and atropine, yellow iron oxide, and ultramarine blue... 

Parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, BUTYL-, AND PROPYLPARABEN) As a group, parabens are the most widely used cosmetic preservatives. They were banned in European cosmetics but are still allowed by the FDA. There is growing evidence that they mimic estrogen, which disrupts hormonal activity. A recent finding of high levels of parabens in breast tumors has spurred U.S. consumer protection groups to lobby the FDA against their use. 

SYNS ASEPTOFORM P BETACIDE P BONOMOLD OP 4-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID PROPYL ESTER p-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID PROPYL ESTER NIPASOL p-OXYBENZOESAEUREPRO-PYLESTER (GERMAN) PARABEN PARj SEPT PASEPTOL PRESERVAL P PROPYL p-HYDROXY-BENZOATE n-PROP X p-HYDROXYBENZOATE PROPYLPARABEN (FCC) PROPYLPARASEPT PROTABEN P TEGOSEPT P... 

The preservatives methylparaben and propylparaben are used in artificial tears and nonmedicated ointments.They can cause allergic reactions and are unstable at high pH. 

Other components, is rendered sterile separately, asep-tically weighed, and incorporated in preparing a final product that meets the sterility requirement. This is done because of difficulty in terminal product sterilization, such as lack of penetration of steam into the ointment base and instability of components owing to high dry heating. Antimicrobial preservatives such as methylparaben (0.05%) and propylparaben (0.01%) and its combinations phenylmercuric acetate (0.0008%), chlorobutanol (0.5%),and benzalkonium chloride (0.008%) are used as needed. 

Germaben II-E (Sutton Laboratories, Chatham, NJ) is a clear liquid preservative system, readily soluble at a concentration of 1.0% in both w/o and o/w emulsions, but not in water alone. It has the composition of Germall II, 20% methylparaben, 10% propylparaben, 10% and propylene glycol, 60%. 

Aqueous solutions are subject to bacterial or enzymatic degradation but may be preserved by initially boiling the solution for a short time to inactivate any enzymes present microwave irradiation can also be used. Aqueous solutions may also be preserved by the addition of an antimicrobial preservative such as 0.1% w/v benzoic acid, 0.1% w/v sodium benzoate, or a mixture of 0.17% w/v methylparaben and 0.03% propylparaben. Powdered acacia should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place. 

The bacteriological stability of guar gum dispersions may be improved by the addition of a mixture of 0.15% methylpar-aben and 0.02% propylparaben as a preservative. In food applications, benzoic acid, citric acid, sodium benzoate, or sorbic acid may be used. 

Methylparaben (0.18%) together with propylparaben (0.02%) has been used for the preservation of various parenteral pharmaceutical formulations see Section 14. 

Propylparaben is widely used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, food products, and pharmaceutical formulations see Table I. 

Propylparaben and methylparaben have been used as preservatives in injections and ophthalmic preparations however they are now generally regarded as being unsuitable for these types of formulations owing to the irritant potential of the parabens. 

Propylparaben, HF. Propyl />-hydroxybcn/.oatc. or propylparaben. occurs as a white cry.stalline powder that is slightly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. It is used as a preservative, primarily to retard yeast growth. Pmpylparabcn sodium is a water-.soluble sodium salt of the 4.phcnol group. The pH of solutions of propylparaben. sodium is basic (pH 10). 

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