Presentation cumulative

During the period 1950-2008, the series Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds has grown to 64 Volumes, embracing almost twice that number of individual books. These contain reviews of some 2,300 heterocyclic systems. Understandably, it has become quite difficult to locate any specfic review, especially if it is of a complicated fused system. The present Cumulative Index seeks to facilitate this task. 

An early example of AE monitoring in wood was conducted by DeBaise et al. [1966]. They presented cumulative AE event records for a variety of loading configurations of western white pine. The results they report illu-... 

Recall a typical cumulative probability curve of reserves for an exploration prospect in which the probability of success (POS) is 30%. The success part of the probability axis can be divided into three equal bands, and the average reserves for each band is calculated to provide a low, medium and high estimate of reserves, //there are hydrocarbons present. 

The particle sizes of fillers are usually collected and ordered to yield size distributions which are frequendy plotted as cumulative weight percent finer than vs diameter, often given as esd, on a log probabiUty graph. In this manner, most unmodified fillers yield a straight-line relationship or log normal distribution. Inspection of the data presented in this manner can yield valuable information about the filler. The coarseness of a filler is often quantified as the esd at the 99.9% finer-than value. Deviations from linearity at the high and low ends of the plot suggest that either fractionation has occurred to remove coarse or fine particles or the data are suspect in these ranges. 

APS (Automated Patent Searching) U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) MicroPatent covers U.S. granted patents 1975—present first page and exemplary claim updated monthly within two weeks of final issue date each month cumulated to one disk/three years... 

FuUText USPTO MicroPatent covers U.S. granted patents 1991—present full text including examples, tables, but excluding drawiags, stmctures updated monthly, aot cumulated 12 disks /year... 

The median particle diameter is the diameter which divides half of the measured quantity (mass, surface area, number), or divides the area under a frequency curve ia half The median for any distribution takes a different value depending on the measured quantity. The median, a useful measure of central tendency, can be easily estimated, especially when the data are presented ia cumulative form. In this case the median is the diameter corresponding to the fiftieth percentile of the distribution. 

Cumulative organ toxicity also presents a significant obstacle for effective chemotherapy. In many cases, the severity of the toxicity impedes the broader use of an agent. Other specific toxicities are associated with specific agents, for example cardiotoxicity with adriamycin (32), renal toxicity with i7j -platinum (28), and neurotoxicity with vincristine (49). 

Increasing use is being made of the capital-rate-of-return ratio (CRR), whiA is the net present value (NPV) divided by the maximum cumulative expenditure or maximum net outlay, -(S CF)max... 

It is possible for some projects to reach a stage at which repairs, replacements, etc., can exceed net earnings in a particular year. In this case the cumulative-discounted-cash-flow or net-present-value curve plotted against time has a genuine maximum. 

Cumulative net annual discounted cash flow X oi net present value (NPV)... 

The net annual cash flows Acp and cumulative discounted annual cash flow X Aocf discount factor of 10 percent are hsted in Table 9-7 for the two projec ts. At the end of Year 9, the net present values are... 

The discounted-cash-flow rate of return (DCFRR) and net present value (NPV) are functions of the cumulative revenue from annual sales X AfE and the fixed-capital cost of the plant Cfc, among other factors. 

FIG. 9-23 Cumulative probability of a given net present value or less for a project showing normal and Gompertz approximations. 

Decision Trees In a typical decision tree, illustrated in a very simplified form by Fig. 9-24, each node represents a decision point (DP) at which one or more alternatives are available. Some quantifiable result of each alternative is chosen as a basis for comparison for example, the net present value (NPV). A value is assigned to the probability of attaining each result, either cumulative or not as required. These may be obtained by the methods just described or otherwise. The estimates are subject to the restriction that the sum of the proba-... 

When a distribufion of particle sizes which must be collected is present, the aclual size distribution must be converted to a mass distribution by aerodynamic size. Frequently the distribution can be represented or approximated by a log-normal distribution (a straight line on a log-log plot of cumulative mass percent of particles versus diameter) wmich can be characterized by the mass median particle diameter dp5o and the standard statistical deviation of particles from the median [Pg.1428]

A common form of societal risk measure is an F-N curve, which is normally presented as a cumulative distribution plot of frequency F... 

Several new features are inaugurated in the present volume. To the cumulative subject index to the six volumes which have already appeared, a similar author index is now added. In order to bring literature references to methods of preparative value up to date, there has been included an appendix which contains later references to directions published previously in this series. The appendix also contains corrections to some of the earlier preparations. The editors acknowledge their appreciation of the assistance rendered by those who submitted corrections and suggestions, and welcome heartily any comments calculated to improve the series. 

Aeeurate measurement of harmonic quantities and their cumulative effect is a complex subject, and is not possible to determine theoretically with the help of algebraic equations. But it can be easily measured with the help of a harmonic analyser. Cigre (1989) has made a comprehensive study of the likely harmonics and their amplitudes that may be present in a power system. These are briefly described in Table 23.1. 

Refer to Table 23.1, which shows the average cumulative effect of all the harmonics that may be present in a power system. If we can provide a series reactor of 6% of the total kVAr of the capacitor banks connected on the system, most of the harmonics present in the. system can be suppressed. With this reactance, the system would be tuned to below the fifth harmonic (at 204 Hz) for a 50 Hz system as derived below. 

Figures 12 and 13 illustrate two of the more commonly used methods for displaying societal risk results (1) an F-N curve and (2) a risk profile. The F-N curve plots the cumulative frequencies of events causing N or more impacts, with the number of impacts (N) shown on the horizontal axis. With the F-N curve you can easily see the expected frequency of accidents that could harm greater than a specified number of people. F-N curve plots are almost always presented on logarithmic scales because of...

While the F-N curve is a cumulative illustration, the risk profile shows the expected frequency of accidents of a particular category or level of consequence. The diagonal line is a line of constant risk defined such that the product of expected frequency and consequence is a constant at each point along the line. " As the consequences of accidents go up, the expected frequency should go down in order for the risk to remain constant. As the example illustrates, if a portion of the histogram sticks its head up above the line (i.e., a particular type of accident contributes more than its fair share of the risk), then that risk is inconsistent with the risk presented by other accident types. (Note There is no requirement that you use a line of constant risk other more appropriate risk criteria for your application can be easily defined and displayed on the graph.)... 

First, the project s anticipated benefit and cost are tabulated for each year of the project s lifetime. Then, these values are converted to present values by using the present-value equation, with the company s discount rate plugged in as the discount factor. Finally, the cumulative total of the benefits (at present value) and the cumulative total of the costs (at present... 

Hazardous waste means any waste or combination of wastes which pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or living organisms because such wastes are nondegradable or persistent in nature or because they can biologically magnify or because they can be lethal or because they may otherwise cause or tend to cause detrimental cumulative effects. 

If workers are exposed simultaneously or successively to more than one chemical agent, the risk shall be assessed on the basis of the risk presented by all such chemical agents in combination. Usually, additive effects are assumed for the mixture of chemical agents, so the cumulative exposure is calculated as follows ... 

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