Prepulse inhibition

Schizophrenia Prepulse inhibition Improves prepulse inhibition [56]... 

Figure 3 Rodent pharmacodynamic effects versus CbjU for 6. Dashed lines represent a twofold separation from the in vitro functional assay EC50 (122 nM, dashed arrow). mSLA, mouse spontaneous locomotor activity mPPI, mouse prepulse inhibition DRC, dose-response curve SD, single dose. (See Color Plate 4.3 in the Color Plate Section.)...

D5-dopamine receptor Reduced agonist induced locomotion, startle, and prepulse inhibition [71 ]... 

Attentional or cognitive impairments have also been observed in rodent models of nicotine withdrawal. These include impaired performance of a test of sustained attention (Shoaib and Bizarro 2005), disrupted contextual fear conditioning (Davis and Gould 2007 Davis et al. 2005), disrupted operant behaviors (Vann et al. 2006), and decreased prepulse inhibition, a test of selective attention (Semenova et al. 2003). 

Semenova S, Markou A (2003) Clozapine treatment attenuated somatic and affective signs of nicotine and amphetamine withdrawal in subsets of rats exhibiting hyposensitivity to the initial effects of clozapine, Biol Psychiatry 54 1249-1264 Semenova S, Bespalov A, Markou A (2003) Decreased prepulse inhibition during nicotine withdrawal in DBA/2J mice is reversed by nicotine self-administration. Eur J Pharmacol 472 99-110... 

Altered startle reactivity and attenuation of the inhibition of the startle reflex by an acoustic prepulse has been observed in psychiatric patients, e.g. in schizophrenia (Braff et al. 1978). Disrupted prepulse inhibition in rats can be normalized by antipsychotics and this paradigm is being used as an animal model for drug development. Interestingly, a2c-KO mice had enhanced startle responses, diminished prepulse inhibition, and shortened attack... 

Sallinen J, Haapalinna A, Viitamaa T, Kobilka BK, Scheinin M (1998) Adrenergic Ojc-receptors modulate the acoustic startle reflex, prepulse inhibition, and aggression in mice. J. Neuroscience 18 3035-3042 Sallinen J, Haapalinna A, Viitamaa T, Kobilka BK, Scheinin M (1998) D-amphetamine and L-5-hydroxytryptophan-induced behaviours in mice with genetically-altered expression of the a2c-adrenergic receptor subtype. Neuroscience 86 959-965... 

Dulawa SC, Hen R, Scearce-Levie K, Geyer M (1997) Serotonin IB receptor modulation of startle reactivity, habituation, and prepulse inhibition in wildtype and serotonin IB knock-out mice. Neiuoreport 132 125-134... 

Ornitz, E.M., Russell, A.T., Gabikian, R, Gehricke, J.G., and Guthrie, D. (2000) Prepulse inhibition of startle, intelligence and familial primary nocturnal enuresis. Acta Paediatr 89 475-481. 

Braff, DX., Swerdlow, N.R., Geyer, MA Symptom correlates of prepulse inhibition deficits in male schizophrenic patients. Am. J. Psychiatry 156, 596-602, 1999. 

Paylor, R. and Crawley, J. N. (1997) Inbred strain differences in prepulse inhibition of the mouse startle response. Psychopharmacology (Bed) 132, 169-180. 

Leng A, Ouagazzal A, Feldon J, Higgins GA. Effect of the 5-HT6 receptor antagonists Ro04-6790 and Ro65-7199 on latent inhibition and prepulse inhibition in the rat comparison to clozapine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003 75 281-288. 

Geyer MA, Krebs-Thomson K, Braff DL, Swerdlow NR. Pharmacological studies of prepulse inhibition models of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia a decade in review. Psychopharmacology 2001 156 117-154. 

Geyer MA, Wilkinson LS, Humby T, Robbins TW. Isolation rearing of rats produces a deficit in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle similar to that in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 1993 15 361-372. 

Zhang J, Engel JA, Soderpalm B, Svensson L. Repeated administration of amphetamine induces sensitisation to its disruptive effect on prepulse inhibition in the rat. Psychopharmacology 1998 135 401-406. 

Bubser M, Koch M. 1994. Prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response of rats is reduced by 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology 113 487-492. 

List of Abbreviations DMXB-A, 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine mAChR, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor nAChR, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor NDMC, N-desmethylclozapine PPI, prepulse inhibition QNB, quinuclidinyl benzilate... 

Jones CK, Eberle EL, Shaw DB, McKinzie DL, Shannon HE. 2005. Pharmacologic interactions between the muscarinic cholinergic and dopaminergic systems in the modulation of prepulse inhibition in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 312 1055-1063. 

Kumari V, Soni W, Matthew VM, Sharma T. 2000. Prepulse inhibition of the startle response in men with schizophrenia Effects of age of onset of illness, symptoms, and medication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57 609-614. 

NMDA antagonists reliably induce deficits in sensory gating measures, such as prepulse inhibition (PPI) that closely mimic the deficits seen in schizophrenia in both rodent (de Bruin et al., 1999 ... 

Abel KM, Allin MP, Hemsley DR, Geyer MA. 2003a. Low dose ketamine increases prepulse inhibition in healthy men. Neuropharmacology 44 729-737. 

Brody SA, Geyer MA, Large CH. 2003. Lamotrigine prevents ketamine but not amphetamine-induced deficits in prepulse inhibition in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 

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