Sensorimotor gating

Bashki, VP, Swerdlow, NR and Geyer, MA (1994) Clozapine antagonises phencyclidine-induced deficits in sensorimotor gating of the startle response. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 271 787-794. 

Geyer, MA, Swerdlow, NR, Mansbach, RS and Braff, DL (1990) Startle response models of sensorimotor gating and habituation deficits in schizophrenia. Brain Res. Bull. 25 485-498. 

Melatonin receptor (MT1) knockout mice display depression-like behaviors and deficits in sensorimotor gating. Brain Res. Bull. 68, 425-9. 

Braff DL, Geyer MA Sensorimotor gating and schizophrenia human and animal model studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47 181-188, 1990 Bramanti P, Bianchi L, Benedetto M, et al Study of the hypnic effect of amineptine evaluation by polygraphy and tests. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 9 157-165, 1985... 

Perry, W., Geyer, M.A.. Braff, D.L. Sensorimotor gating and thought disturbance measured in close temporal proximity in schizophrenic patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 56, 277-281, 1999. 

Coma. Consciousness is impossible in coma because the activation level is low, aminergic drive is down, and the sensorimotor gates are closed. Thus the coma domain is in the left front corner of the state space. There are, of course, many variations on the theme of coma, such as coma vigil and locked-in syndrome, which would occupy different positions of the state space. 

Vollenweider, F.X. et al., Opposite effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on sensorimotor gating in rats versus healthy humans, Psychopharmacology, 143, 365, 1999. 

Geyer MA, Krebs-Thomson K, Braff DL, Swerdlow NR. Pharmacological studies of prepulse inhibition models of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia a decade in review. Psychopharmacology 2001 156 117-154. 

Feifel D, Melendez G, Shilling PD. Reversal of sensorimotor gating deficits in Brattleboro rats by acute administration of clozapine and a neurotensin agonist, but not haloperidol a potential predictive model for novel antipsychotic effects. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004 29 731-738. 

Druhan JP, Geyer MA, Valentino RJ. Lack of sensitization to the effects of -amphetamine and apomorphine on sensorimotor gating in rats. Psychopharmacology 1998 135 296-304. 

Duncan EJ, Madonick SH, Parwani A, Angrist B, Rajan R, et al. 2001. Clinical and sensorimotor gating effects of ketamine in normals. Neuropsychopharmacology 25 72-83. 

Kinney GG, Burno M, Campbell UC, Hernandez LM, Rodriguez D, et al. 2003a. Metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptors modulate locomotor activity and sensorimotor gating in rodents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 306 116-123. 

Chen YJ, Johnson MA, Lieberman MD, Goodchild R, Schobel S, et al. 2007. Type III Neuregulin-1 is required for normal sensorimotor gating, memory related behaviors and cortico-striatal circuit components. J Neurosci (in press). 

Postma P, Gray JA, Sharma T, Geyer M, Mehrotra R, et al. 2006. A behavioural and functional neuroimaging investigation into the effects of nicotine on sensorimotor gating in healthy subjects and persons with schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 184 589-599. 

Swerdlow NR, Braff DL, Geyer MA. 2000. Animal models of deficient sensorimotor gating What we know, what we think we know, and what we hope to know soon. Behav Pharmacol 11 185-204. 

Braff DL, Geyer MA. 1990. Sensorimotor gating and schizophrenia. Human and animal model studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47 181-188. 

Gould TJ, Bizily SP, Tokarczyk J, Kelly MP, Siegel SJ, et al. 2004. Sensorimotor gating deficits in transgenic mice expressing a constitutively active form of Gs alpha. Neuropsychopharmacology 29 494-501. 

Braff DL, Geyer MA, Light GA, Sprock J, Perry W, Cadenhead KS, Swerdlow NR (2001) Impact of prepulse characteristics on the detection of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 49 171-178. 

Kinney GG, Wilkinson LO, Saywell KL, Tricklebank MD (1999) Rat strain differences in the ability to disrupt sensorimotor gating are limited to the DA-ergic system, specific to prepulse inhibition, and unrelated to changes in startle amplitude or nucleus accumbens DA receptor sensitivity. J Neurosci 79 5644-5653. 

Like the pharmacological model presented above, a genetic model also targets the NMDA receptor. This model was created by knocking down the NRl subunit of the NMDA receptor, which is obligatory for receptor function, in mice so that only 5% of the protein is expressed (117). These animals, also known as NRl hypomorphs, show NMDA receptor hypofunc-tion and display several schizophrenia-like behaviors, such as reduced social interactions, increased locomotion, stereotypic movements, and sensorimotor gating deficits (117, 118). Interestingly, treatment of these mice with the atypical antipsychotic... 

Sams-Dodd E Effect of novel antipsychotic drugs on phencyclidine-induced stereotyped behaviour and social isolation in the rat social interaction test. Behav. Pharmacol. 1997 8 196-215. Mansbach RS, Geyer MA Effects of phencyclidine and phencyclidine biologs on sensorimotor gating in the rat. Neuropsychopharmacology 1989 2 299-308. 

Duncan GE, Moy SS, Perez A, Eiddy DM, Zinzow WM, Lieber-man JA, Snouwaert JN, Roller BH Deficits in sensorimotor gating and tests of social behavior in a genetic model of reduced NMDA receptor function. Behav. Brain Res. 2004 153 507-19. 

Swerdlow NR, Braff DL, Taaid N, Geyer MA. Assessing the validity of an animal model of deficient sensorimotor gating in schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994 51 139-154. 

---