Preliminary hazard analysis preparing

FIGURE 5.8 Function/concern organization chart. (From National Aeronantics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Methane LIDAR Experiment, Preliminary Hazard Analysis, Prepared by Hernandez Engineering, Inc., nnder NASA Contract NAS5-31825, Task S-11-94, no date. With permission.)... 

Contracts were awarded in March 2000, and preliminary EDPs were drafted by the technology providers in June 2000. Each EDP includes drawings and documentation, a preliminary hazards analysis, and projected life-cycle costs and schedules for the technology package to be implemented at a particular site. The final EDPs were released in December 2000. Experimental tests to support the EDPs were begun in June 2000, but some had not been completed when this report was prepared. Einal reports are expected to be published in mid-2001. 

Common hazard analysis tasks include the preparation of a preliminary hazard analysis, systems and subsystem hazard analyses, and an operating hazard analysis. These tasks also aid in the hazard control and hazard reduction effort. 

The preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) is an initial look at the entire system. A PHL, if available, is expanded by adding new hazards that may be identified as more project information is developed, as well as more information about each hazard. If a PHL has not been prepared, the PHA serves as the primary hazard identification tool as well as the initial hazard analysis. The methods used for conducting a PHA are basically the same as for a PHL, even though occasionally more advanced techniques may be appropriate. 

The MORT tools and techniques can be helpful in preparing a safety analysis report (SAR), the upstream safety product most frequently required for new DOE programs, but the more common system safety products (system safety program plan, preliminary hazard analysis, system/subsystem hazard analysis, operating hazard analysis) are not a dominant part of the MORT program and are seldom even referenced in System Safety Development Center (SSDC) documents. 

Preliminary drawings or sketches may be adequate to prepare a preliminary hazard list. More detailed drawings are required for a preliminary hazard analysis, and even more detail is required for subsystem and system hazard analyses. Analytical trees, copies of maintenance and operating procedures (if available), and site maps may also be helpful. 

Tools such as the hazard element evaluation checklist (Figure 6.3) and the energy source evaluation checklist (Figure 6.4) (TAI 1989) can be used to facilitate the development of the preliminary hazard list (Figure 6.1). The PHL, together with the PHA matrix, can then be utilized to prepare the preliminary hazard analysis worksheet. 

The ETBA is an analytical technique that can be of great assistance in preparation of the preliminary hazard list (PHL). It can also be quite useful in the development of a preliminary hazard analysis (PHA), subsystem hazard analysis (SSHA), or the more general system hazard analysis (SHA). The ETBA can also be used, depending on the specific system under consideration, in the development of the operating and support hazard analysis (O SHA), and, of course, during the MORT process from which the ETBA evolved. 

The Basis for Interim Operation (BIO) document for K>Reactor in Cold Standby and the L- and P-Reactor Disassembly Barins was pr ared in accordance vrith the draft DOB standard for BIO preparatiott (dated October 16, 1993). The actives for tte BIO preparation process included hamd iden carion, hazard categorization, and a preliminary hazards analysis. These actmties, along with the review of the K-Reactor Safety Anafysis R rt (SAR), K-, and P>Reactor Technical Spedfications (TS), K-Reactor Cold Standby Plan, L-Reactor ( Id Shutdown Plan, P-Reactor Standby Plait, and other safety documents, were used to compile the BIO. 

Study and preparation of PHA (some cases preceded by preliminary hazard analysis)... 

The Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) is an analysis of the generic hazard groups present in a system, their evaluation, and recommendations for control (TAI 1989). The PHA is usually the first attempt in the system safety process to identify and categorize hazards or potential hazards associated with the operation of a proposed system, process, or procedure. In many instances, however, the PHA may be preceded with the preparation of aPreliminary Hazard List (PHL). The identification of hazards on a PHL can occur through the use of a variety of methods such as but not limited to... 

DOE O 5480.23 Nuclear Safety Analysis Reports For nuclear facilities only (Hazard Category 3 or above), requires preliminary and final hazard categorization and comprehensive hazard/safety analysis to support the conclusion that nuclear facility activities can be conducted without causing unacceptable health or safety impacts to workers, public, or environment. SAR prepared in accordance with DOE-STD-3009 or a BIO prepared in accordance with DOE-STD-3011. Annual updates to either SAR or BIO for those changes that affect the safety basis. Preliminary and final hazard categorization prepared in accordance with DOE-STD-1027. 

In 1985, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) initiated a project to produce the Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures. This document, prepared by Battelle, includes many system safety analysis tools. Even though frequently identified as hazard and operability (HazOp) programs, the methods being developed by the petrochemical industry to use preliminary hazard analyses, fault trees, failure modes, effects, and criticality analyses, as well as similar techniques to identify, analyze, and control risks systematically, look very much like system safety efforts tailored for the petrochemical industry (Goldwaite 1985). 

A typical system safety task for hazard identification would be the preparation of a preliminary hazard list (PHL). Hazard identification or discovery is accomplished by reviewing lessons learned, accident reports, and other historical data. A PHL may be prepared through an informal conference, the use of checklists, and occasionally other techniques such as energy trace and barrier analysis (ETBA). 

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