Powdered iron

Sasol Fischer-Tropsch Process. 1-Propanol is one of the products from Sasol s Fischer-Tropsch process (7). Coal (qv) is gasified ia Lurgi reactors to produce synthesis gas (H2/CO). After separation from gas Hquids and purification, the synthesis gas is fed iato the Sasol Synthol plant where it is entrained with a powdered iron-based catalyst within the fluid-bed reactors. The exothermic Fischer-Tropsch reaction produces a mixture of hydrocarbons (qv) and oxygenates. The condensation products from the process consist of hydrocarbon Hquids and an aqueous stream that contains a mixture of ketones (qv) and alcohols. The ketones and alcohols are recovered and most of the alcohols are used for the blending of high octane gasoline. Some of the alcohol streams are further purified by distillation to yield pure 1-propanol and ethanol ia a multiunit plant, which has a total capacity of 25,000-30,000 t/yr (see Coal conversion processes, gasification). 

Metal Incendiaries. Metal incendiaries include those of magnesium in various forms, and powdered or granular aluminum mixed with powdered iron(III) oxide. Magnesium is a soft metal which, when raised to its ignition temperature, bums vigorously in air. It is used in either soHd or powdered form as an incendiary filling, and in alloyed form as the casing for small incendiary bombs. 

Thermite is essentially a mixture of ca 73 wt % powdered iron(III) oxide, Fe202, and 27 wt % powdered or granular aluminum. The aluminum has a... 

Its appeal Hes in the fact that synthesis gas can be produced from trash, municipal sewage, scrap wood, sawdust, newsprint, or other waste. The early work of Fischer and Tropsch on methanol synthesis showed that ethanol could be obtained in the process (165) and that by certain modifications the proportion of ethanol in the product could be increased (166). The Hterature concerning this method is extensive (167—176). The conditions that favor ethanol formation are 125—175°C and 1.42 MPa (14 atm) in the presence of reduction catalysts such as powdered iron. 

Use a powdered iron material such as available from MicroMetals (Evanston, IE). 

The chlorination of 3-isopropenyl-5-methylisoxazole and of dimethyl-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)carbinoP and, recently, the bromina-tion of 5- and 3-phenylisoxazoles and unsubstituted isoxazole have also been studied. Reaction is effected by heating in the presence of powdered iron and gives 4-bromoisoxazoles (63 64, Hal Br R,R = H, Ph). 

Weighting agents (Table 10-10) are added to increase the density of the cement. They are typically used to combat high bottom-hole pressures. Common additives are powdered iron, ferromat, powdered magnetite, and barite. Hematite ean be used to increase the density of a mixture up to 2200 kg/m (19 Ib/gal). Hematite requires the addition of some water. 

The preparation of ferrovanadium by this route is carried out batchwise in refractory-lined open reactors, with vanadium pentoxide, aluminum powder, iron scrap and lime or fluorspar constituting the charge. The reactions once initiated, proceed briskly to completion. The reaction heat is sufficient to melt the ferrovanadium and the alumina-lime/fluor-spar slag, which readily separate due to density difference. The aluminothermic ferroalloy product contains practically no carbon. 

The above reaction occurs in two different steps, with carbon monoxide (CO) formed as an intermediate product. Temperature is a very important parameter at temperatures higher than 800 °C, there can be excess CO produced, while at temperatures lower than 500 °C, CH4 and other hydrocarbons are formed. In order to catalyse the reaction, finely powdered iron ( 10 pm) is usually used. Unless removed, the water produced may react... 

H-Iron [Hydrogen iron] A process for making iron by reducing powdered iron oxides from ores or scrap, using hydrogen. A variation on the process will convert iron/titanium ores to a titanium concentrate and metallic iron. Developed by Hydrocarbon Research and United States Steel Corporation, and used in Pennsylvania and California. See also DR. 

SKF A DR process for making iron. Powdered iron ore and coal are injected through a plasma arc heater into a vertical shaft furnace. See DR. 

Powdered iron phosphates, 26 215 Powdered sugar, 23 482 Powdered surfaces, diffuse reflectance of radiation from, 24 110 Powder glass-ceramic processing,... 

Powder metallurgy (sintering) is the process whereby powdered iron or other metals are combined together at high pressure without high heat to fit molded forms. This process is used to produce homogenous (uniform throughout) metal parts. 

CHINESE EIRE A pyrotechnic composition based on meal powder, iron hlings and charcoal which is designed to produce visual effects including sparks. 

Ammonium perchlorate. Aluminum powder. Iron oxide... 

Chemical analysis. Like Co-Ni powders, iron-based powders were found to have C and O contents that increase steadily as the mean particle size decreases these contents were significantly higher in the FeCoNi system than in CoNi powders for a same particle size. For instance, C and O contents were found in the range 1.2-1.6 wt% and 3.5-4.5 wt%, respectively, for an average particle size of 200 nm. C and O contents could be lowered to 0.3 and 2 wt%, respectively, after thermal treatment under argon. 

Steel WDXlll2 (S.R.Q. Macro Etch) Class A Powdered Iron - Class B - Hardened Steel Tubing - Class C Finish... 

Preparation of Antimony. Put a thoroughly dried mixture of 12 g of antimony sulphide, 5 g of reduced powdered iron, 1.5 g of sodium sulphide, and 0.5 g of powdered charcoal into a chamotte or porcelain crucible and roast it in a muffle furnace at 800 °C. After the entire mixture softens, continue the heating for another 20-30 minutes. Next cool the crucible, break it, and extract the antimony bead. 

Two-component developers in which toner is mixed with a carrier, such as ferrite powder, iron powder, glass beads, etc.,... 

Detection.—Sulphur in the free state is readily recognisable by its general appearance and characteristics, and especially by its combustion to sulphur dioxide. Both in mixtures and compounds the presence of the element can be demonstrated by heating with charcoal and an alkali carbonate,2 or even better, on a small scale, by heating with an equal bulk of sodium or potassium,3 or with powdered iron 4 in each case some of the sulphur is converted into sulphide, which may be detected by the action of an aqueous extract on mercury or silver, or on sodium nitroprusside the metals are blackened, whilst the nitro-prusside is very sensitive in giving a purple coloration (see p. 62). Alternatively, the solution of the alkali sulphide may be acidified and tests applied for hydrogen sulphide to the vapours evolved on warming. 

Sulphur Thiocyanate, S(SCN)2, is formed as colourless, pearly crystals, when a solution of thiocyanogen in ether reacts with dry hydrogen sulphide. It decomposes at atmospheric temperatures. Heated in an open tube on a water-bath it darkens rapidly and then suddenly decomposes, evolving orange fumes. A solution of sulphur thiocyanate in a mixture of ether and benzene does not react with powdered iron, but on the addition of a drop of water the characteristic red colour of ferric thiocyanate develops immediately. By this reaction sulphur thiocyanate can be distinguished from free thiocyanogen.2... 

Iodine. — Dissolve 1 gm. of bromine in 40 cc. of water, add 4 gm. of powdered iron, and shake two to three minutes. L iltcr, add starch solution to the filtrate, and cautiously allow a few drops of bromine water to flow upon the surface. A blue zone should not form at once below the yellowish upper portion of the liquid. 

Metallic iron is used in the analytical laboratory in the form of thin, polished wire (piano wire), or gray powder obtained by reduction with hydrogen (iron by hydrogen), and also in the form of the ordinary gray, lustrous powdered iron. 

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