Iron powder as reducing agent

Iodoxybenzene, 22, 52, 72, 73 Iron powder as reducing agent, 22, 12 Irradiation, 20, 81, 92, 101 Isocaproic acid, 21, 74 ISOCAPROIC ACID, a-AMINO-, 21, 74 (3-Isodurylaedehyde, 21,110 0-ISODURYLYL CHLORIDE, 21, 77 (W-ISOLEUCINE, 21, 60 Isopropyl ether... 

Aerobic oxidation of aromatics (benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene) at room temperature in the presence of zinc powder as reducing agent and a p-oxo binuclear iron complex as catalyst in CH Clj led to phenols as major products [63]. Co-oxidation of benzene and crotonaldehyde catalyzed by VO(dpm)j [dmp = l,3-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-l,3-propanedionato] gave phenol in a 21% yield (Eq. 14.19) [64]. 

As indicated, pig iron production requires input of a reducing agent. Stahlwerke Bremen uses plastic waste as a substitute for fuel oil. Plastics are injected into the blast furnace in a similar way to coal powder or fuel oil. In order to remove fibres and metal particles a separation takes place. Large particles are separated via a screen of > 18 mm. The smaller plastic waste particles (< 18 mm) go to the injection vessel. There, an injection pressure of about 0.5 MPa is built up. Via a pneumatic process the plastics can be dosed and discharged into the blast furnace. The bulk density of the plastics has to be 0.3 tonnes/m. ... 

Finally, it would appear that these highly reactive iron powders will be of value as a general reducing agent. Reaction of nitrobenzene with four equivalents of iron and one equivalent of n-butanol in THF at room temperature was very exothermic. After one hour at room temperature followed by reflux for one hour, the reaction mixture gave 88% aniline upon workup. 

The reaction is only partially catalytic because nickel chloride is formed in side reactions. If a reducing agent such as iron powder is added to reduce nickel(II) dichloride to nickel carbonyl with CO, higher catalytic activity is observed (22). Some examples of the 2,5-hexadienoate ester synthesis are given in Table VI. 

---