Potassium Alum Carbonate

Alum Borax Natron Iron vitriol Mineral Mineral Mineral Mineral or synthetic Sulfate of aluminum and other metals (e.g., potassium alum) Hydrated sodium borate Natural mixture sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate Hydrated iron sulfate... 

Potash. See Potassium carbonate Potash alum. See Potassium alum dodecahydrate Potassium alum anhydrous Potash blue. See Ferric ferrocyanide Potash chlorate. See Potassium chlorate Potash lye. See Potassium hydroxide Potash sulfurated. See Sulfurated potash Potassa. See Potassium hydroxide Potassic ascorbate. See Potassium ascorbate Potassium... 

Hexanedione Hydrogen cyanide Nickel Nickel carbonate, basic Nickel cyanide Nickel oxide (ous) Platinum Potassium alum anhydrous Potassium cyanide Potassium dichromate... 

Potassium alum anhydrous marble mfg., artificial Calcium sulfate dihydrate marble substitute, bath Methyl methacrylate marble substitute, kitchen Methyl methacrylate marble substitutes Barium carbonate margarine ingredient... 

Potassium acetate Potassium alum dodecahydrate Sodium alum Succinic acid neutralizer, hair wave Magnesium sulfate anhydrous neutralizer, mineral acids Sodium acetate anhydrous neutralizer, personal care Diisopropanolamine Methylpropanediol neutralizer, petroleum refining Sodium hydroxide neutralizer, pharmaceuticals Adipic acid Calcium carbonate Calcium hydroxide Calcium monocarbonate Calcium pyrophosphate... 

Pentasodium triphosphate Potassium acetate Potassium acid tartrate Potassium alum anhydrous Potassium bicarbonate Potassium bisulfate Potassium carbonate Potassium chloride Potassium citrate Potassium diacetate... 

Potassium acid oxalate Potassium alum dodecahydrate Potassium bromide Potassium carbonate Potassium manganate Potassium perchlorate Potassium permanganate Potassium persulfate Potassium thiocyanate PVP Pyrogallol Quinone Resorcinol Silver Silver chloride... 

Potassium alum dodecahydrate Potassium carbonate Riboflavin Sodium cyanide Sodium silicate... 

DEKTAL DEVELOPER KODAK FIXER KODAK SHORT STOP POTASSIUM ALUM POTASSIUM BICARBONATE POTASSIUM BICHROMATE POTASSIUM BORATE POTASSIUM BROMATE POTASSIUM BROMIDE POTASSIUM CARBONATE POTASSIUM CHROMATE POTASSIUM CHLORATE POTASSIUM CHLORIDE POTASSIUM CYANIDE POTASSIUM DICHROMATE POTASSIUM FERRICYANIDE POTASSIUM FERROCYANIDE POTASSIUM FLUORIDE POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE POTASSIUM NITRATE POTASSIUM PERBORATE POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE. 10% POTASSIUM SULFATE PROPANE PROPANE GAS PLATING SOLUTIONS BRASS CADMIUM COPPER GOLD INDIUM LEAD NICKEL RHODIUM SILVER TIN ZINC... 

A number of dilute chemical solutions attack tin metal slowly, with consequent corrosion. Among these are aluminium chloride, aluminium potassium alum, ammonium sulphate, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, iron(III) chloride, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, silver nitrate, zinc chloride, glycerol and maleic acid. ... 

Chemical Processing. Activated carbon consumption in a variety of chemical processing appHcations is about 8% of the total (74). The activated carbon removes impurities to achieve high quaHty. For example, organic contaminants are removed from solution in the production of alum, soda ash, and potassium hydroxide (82). Other apphcations include the manufacture of dyestuffs, glycols, amines, organic acids, urea, hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid (83). 

Rubidium is recovered from its ore lepidolite or pollucite. Mineral lepidolite is a lithium mica having a composition KRbLi(OH,F)Al2Si30io. The ore is opened by fusion with gypsum (potassium sulfate) or with a mixture of barium sulfate and barium carbonate. The fused mass is extracted with hot water to leach out water-soluble alums of cesium, rubidium, and potassium. The solution is filtered to remove insoluble residues. Alums of alkali metals are separated from solution by fractional crystallization. Solubility of rubidium alum or rubidium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate, RbAl(S04)2 I2H2O falls between potassium and cesium alum. 

Rubidium also may be recovered by the chlorostannate method. In this method the alkali metal carbonate solution obtained from the mixed alum is treated with carbon dioxide. Most potassium is precipitated as bicarbonate, KHCO3. Addition of hydrochloric acid converts the carbonates to chlorides. The chlorides are converted to chlorostannates by carefully adding stoichiometric quantities of stannic chloride at pH just below 7 ... 

The mixed alum solution, on treatment with ammonia or potassium carbonate, forms carbonates of potassium, rubidium and cesium. Rubidium carbonate is separated from other alkab metal carbonates by fractional crystal-bzation (see Rubidium)... 

Long before sodium and potassium metals were isolated, many of their compounds were in common use. Among the most important of these were potash (potassium carbonate), cream of tartar, saltpeter, alum, common salt, Glaubers salt, and soda (sodium carbonate). Both potash and soda have been used since ancient times in the manufacture of glass. 

As previously stated, Wohler was unable to obtain metallic aluminum by Oersted s method. However, since the latter encouraged him to continue his attempts, he prepared some anhydrous aluminum chloride by Oersted s method, and devised a new plan for isolating the metal. After adding an excess of hot potassium carbonate solution to a boiling hot solution of alum, he washed and dried the precipitated aluminum hy-... 

In addition to their energetic value, oil shales have also been used as sources for other materials, such as alumina, ammonium sulphate, phosphate, sodium carbonate, S, U, V, and Zn (Murray 1974). In the early 17th century, potassium aluminium sulphate was extracted from the Alum Shales in Sweden for use in the tanning and textile industry. It was only by the 19th century that hydrocarbons were being extracted from these Alum Shales while, in the 1960s, their content of U and V was being exploited (Dyni 2000). 

Uses Of the Stassfurt salts.—The magnesium compounds in the Stassfurt salts are used for the preparation of magnesium and of its salts. The potash salts are an essential constituent of many fertilizers used in agriculture, etc. 22 and potassium chloride is the starting-point for the manufacture of the many different kinds of potassium salts used in commerce—carbonate, hydroxide, nitrate, chlorate, chromate, alum, ferrocyanide, cyanide, iodide, bromide, etc. Chlorine and bromine are extracted by electrolysis and other processes from the mother liquids obtained in the purification of the potash salts. Boric acid and borax are prepared from boracite. Caesium and rubidium are recovered from the crude carnallite and sylvite. 

Precipitate with aq. ammonia. Evaporate the soln. down to about 100 c.c., and filter the ot liquid so as to remove calcium sulphate. The cone. soln. is sat. with ammonium alum and allowed to stand for some time. The mixed crystals of potassium, rubidium, and oeesium alums and of lithium salt are dissolved in 100 c.c. of distilled water and recrystal-lized. The recrystallization is repeated until the crystals show no spectroscopic reaction for potassium or lithium. The yield naturally depends on the variety of lepidolite employed. 100. grms of an average sample gives about 10 grms. of crude crystals and about 3 grms. of the purified caesium and rubidium alums. For the purification of caesium and rubidium salts, see the chlorides. The mother-liquors are treated with an excess of barium carbonate, boiled, and filtered. The filtrate is acidified with hydrochloric acid, and evaporated to dryness. The residue is extracted with absolute alcohol in which lithium chloride is soluble, and the other alkali chlorides are sparingly soluble. 

DOUBLE SALT. A hydrated compound resulting from crystallization ol a mixture of ions in aqueous solution. Common examples arc the alums, made by ciystallizing from solution either potassium or ammonium sulfate and aluminum sulfate Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate), made from a water solution of potassium acid tartrate treated with sodium carbonate and Mohr s salt (fertous ammonium sulfate), crystallized Iruin mixed solutions of ferrous sulfate and ammonium sulfate. 

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