Sodium mixture

Commercial production from petroleum ash holds promise as an important source of the element. High-purity ductile vanadium can be obtained by reduction of vanadium trichloride with magnesium or with magnesium-sodium mixtures. 

Vanadium metal is prepared from pentoxide, V2O5, by reduction with calcium at elevated temperatures. Presence of iodine lowers calcium reduction temperature to 425°C because of heat of formation of calcium iodide. Pentoxide also may be converted to the trichloride, VCI3, and the trichloride reduced with magnesium metal or magnesium-sodium mixture at high temperatures to form high purity ductile metal. Alternatively, a fused mixture of vanadium chloride, sodium chloride, and hthium chloride may be electrolyzed to produce the metal in high purity. 

Carbon tetrachloride commonly was employed as a cleaning solvent, although its considerable toxicity entails considerable hazard when used indiscriminately. It has been used as a fire-extinguishing fluid for petroleum fires, but its toxicity and tendency to form still more toxic carbonyl dichloride makes it undesirable for confined areas. The common laboratory practice of removing traces of water from solvents with metallic sodium should not be applied to halogenated compounds carbon tetrachloride-sodium mixtures are shock sensitive and can detonate. 

Sodium. Mixture with sodium metal explodes on impact.3... 

Potassium and Potassium-Sodium. Mixtures are shock sensitive and explode very violently.2,3... 

Sodium. Mixture is shock-sensitive explosive.3 Water. Violent reaction.4... 

Potassium. Mixture explodes violently on impact.3 Sodium. Mixture explodes violently on impact.4 Turpentine. Reaction is strongly exothermic and may ignite.5... 

Dioxane is freshly distilled from a benzophenone-sodium mixture, or, as is more convenient for routine analysis, is used without further purification when obtained as an analytical grade reagent. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 8 Label Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE A poison by ingestion. Moderately toxic by skin contact. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Moderately explosive when exposed to heat. Reacts with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. Dangerous reactions with metals e.g., sodium (mixture explodes on impact), potassium (explodes on contact), aluminum (ignition after a delay period). Reacts violently with A1 foil. CdS. PbS. organic matter. P. PCI3. rubber. Ag2S. ZnS. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of CL and I and may explode. See also IODINE and CHLORIDES. 

CHLOROPROPANE (540-54-5) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point <0°F/ < —18°C). Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, alkaline earth metals, aluminum powder, potassium, sodium. Mixtures with divalent metals slowly form explosive materials. Flow or agitation of substance may generate electrostatic charges due to low conductivity. 

It is possible to regenerate the resin with a hydrogen/sodium mixture, consisting of hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride, provided that the wine requires acidification. 

The heavier elements sodium to cesium are miscible with one another in all proportions in the liquid state, and only in the case of mixtures with lithium does immiscibility arise. Lithium-sodium mixtures are miscible in all proportions above 305°C, but below this temperature the mixture separates into two separate phases. At 171°C, the immiscibility gap extends from 10.1 to 97.0 at.% of lithium. Liquid lithium is even less miscible with the heavier alkali metals. When liquid lithium and liquid potassium are mixed, two immiscible liquid phases are formed at 300°C the lithium phase contains 0.43 at.% of potassium, and the potassium phase contains only 0.024 at.% of lithium. The miscibility of lithium with rubidium and cesium is negligible. 

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