Solution of Potash

If the a-phellandrene nitrite be heated with an alcoholic solution of potash, it is converted into nitrophellandrene, Ck,Hi5(N02). This bodyis converted by reduction with sodium and alcohol into tetrahydrocarvone, or by less energetic reduction with zinc and acetic acid, into carvotan-acetone. The relationship between these bodies is shown by the following formulas —... 

To obtain the oximes, equimolecular quantities of the aldehyde and hydroxylamine are heated in alcoholic solution on the water-bath for thirty to sixty minutes. The hydroxylamine is best added in the form of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and the necessary amount of alcoholic solution of potash added to liberate the hydroxylamine. Most, but not all, the oximes are crystalline. 

Vanillin forms fine white" needles melting at 81° to 82°, or when. absolutely pure at 82° to 84°, and possessing an intense vanilla odour. Some of the cheaper commercial samples are heavily adulterated with the quite odourless compound, acetanilide. The effect of this body is to lower the melting-point even if present in large quantity, but it is very easily detected, as by boiling with solution of potash, aniline is formed. 

This reaction serves as a means of identification of estragol. If it be heated for twenty-four hours on the water-bath, with three times its volume of a saturated alcoholic solution of potash, it. is converted into anethol, which, after drying and recrystallisation from petroleum ether, melts at 22°, and boils at 232° to 233°. 

If elemicin be heated with alcoholic solution of potash, the allyl group is isomeiised to the propenyl group, and iso-elemicin results. 

On heating with concentrated solution of potash, coumarin is converted into o-coumaric acid, HO. C H. CH CH. COOH, melting at 207° to 208°. 

Oil saponified by solution of potash in unpurified methylated spirit. Excess of alkali neutialised by hydrochloric acid, and the acids liberated, previous to distillation by sulphuric acid 47 28... 

As 2, methylated alcoholic potash (the spirit being previously purified by distillation over potash) being used instead of the solution of potash in uupurified j spirit 41-45... 

As 2, the methylated alcoholic potash being replaced by a solution of potash in absolute alcohol purified by distillation over potash 41-00... 

The experiment was a failure. All that happened was that hydrogen was released at one electrode and oxygen at the other. But Davy was undaunted. If the experiment didn t work with a solution of potash, he could repeat it without the water. However, there was a problem. Cold, dry, caustic potash was an insulator it didn t conduct an electric current. So Davy tried melted potash instead. Finally in 1807, after a series of failures, he obtained a new metal from the potash, which he named potassium. 

Meae(um . l. Treated with alcoholic solution of potash, all the haloid ethers of the C E . series, except the cyanides, are reconverted into alcohols —... 

Prepare m.—AB a potassio salt, by the action of methylic iodide on disodacetic etW and the subsequent decomposition, by alcobolio solution of potash, of the ethereal salt so formed —... 

Fulminating platinum was first prepared by E. Davy, about 1825, by adding ammonia water to a solution of platinum sulfate, boiling the precipitate with a solution of potash, washing, and allowing to dry. It was exploded by heat, but not easily by percussion or friction. 

To 5 parts of sodium acetylene in absolute ether 6 parts of dry methyl ethyl ketone was slowly dropwise added with ice cooling and stirring. Than the reaction mixture was poured into excess of acetic acid by ice cooling and extracted with ether. The ether extract was washed with solution of potash fo removing the diluted acetic acid and dried over potassium carbonate. The ether was distilled off and residual colorless oil methylpentynol had BP at 120°-121°C. Instead of sodium acetylene the solution of sodium acetylene in liquid ammonia may be successfully used. 

The first plant devised for supplying oxygen was that of D Arsonval, of the Royal College of France (1885), who employed a 30 per cent, solution of potash as electrolyte. 

By the late 1700s, chemists were reasonably sure that both potash and soda ash contained elements they had never seen. They tried to think of ways to break these compounds down into their elements. The first method that Davy tried was to pass an electric current through a water solution of one compound or the other. But no new element was ever formed. What Davy did not know was how active the elements potassium and sodium are. Both elements are freed when an electric current is passed through a water solution of potash or soda ash. But as soon as the element is formed, it reacts immediately with the water. The free element can never be recovered by this method. 

Oxide of Stanethylium. In contact with solutions of the alkalies, iodide of stanethylium is immediately decomposed, oxide of stanethylium and an alkaline iodide being formed with solutions of potash and soda the oxide of stanethylium dissolves in an excess of the precipitant, but is reprecipitated, unchanged, by cautious neutralization of the alkaline solution with solution of ammonia the precipitated oxide remains undissolved on the addition of an excess of the alkali a quantity of the oxide of stanethylium, prepared in this latter manner, was heated for a few minutes with an excess of ammonia, thrown on a filter and washed with distilled water until all iodide of ammonium was removed. Submitted to analysis it yielded the following results —... 

Another method is to place some phosphorus in a glass retort, with a fairly strong solution of potash and some ether and heat gently—the end of the retort must dip under water—much larger quantities of the gas can be given oS in this manner. Coal gas and caustic soda can be used instead of ether and potash. 

The m ueous acid is a colorless liquid, highly acid and corrosive, and having a penetrating odor. Great care must be exercised that neither the solution nor the gas come in contact with the skin, aa they produce painful Uloera which heal with difficulty, and also constitutional symptoms which may last for days. When the acid has accidentally come in contact wiUj the skin the part should be washed with dilute solution of potash, and the vesicle which forms should be opened. 

Bismuthic Acid——259—ia depoaitepassed through a boUing solution of potash bolding biconuUiouB hydrate in suspension. 

It is a slightly yeUowish liquid sp. gr. 0.877 boils at 95° (203° F.> its vapor explodes when heat to 260° (500° F.) insoluble in water soluble in alcohol in all proportions vapor orange-colored. Alcoholic solution of potash decomposes it slowly, with formation of potassium nitrite and oxides of ethyl and amyl. When dropped upon fused potash, it ignites and yields potassium valerianate. 

Carbon dioxide neither bums nor does it support combustion. When heated to 1,300 (2,370 F.), it is decom x>sed into CO and O. A similar decomposition is brought about by the passage through it of electric sparks. When heated with H it yields CO and H,0. When K, Na or Mg is heated in an atmosphere of CO,., the gas is decomposed with formation of a carbonate and separation of carbon. Wlieu caused to pass through solutions of the hydrates of Na. K, Co, or Ba, it is absorbed, with formation of the carbonates of those elements, which, in the case of the last two, are deposited as white precipitates. Solution of potash is frequently used in analysis to absorb CO, and lime and baryta water as tests for its pxeaence. The hydrates mentioned also absorb CO, from moist sir. 

But one of the lower terms of this aeries is known this is vcUylene, C.H, obtained by the action of an alcoholic solution of potash on valery-lene dibromide. It is a liquid, boiling at 45 (113 F.). 

The source from which it is obtained is that poiiion of the product of distillation of coal-tar which passes over between 160 and 200 (302 892 F.). Thia is treated with a saturated solution of potash, oontoining undisaolved alkali n solid pbenate ia formed, which is dissolved in hot H,0 the liquid is allowed to separate into two layers, the lower d which... 

Tho spontaneously inflammablo variety of this gas IS made by boiling phosphorus with solution of potash in a small retort, the beak of which is kept under water as each bubble of gas rises from the water, it infiames, and forms a ring of white smoke, which dilKtes as it ascends. The spontaneous inflammability of the gas, when mixed with atmospheric air or oxygen, renders caution necessary in its pr oration. 

To Kemove Tattoo ICarkfl com the Skin. Inquiry is frequently made for methods for tho successful removal of tattoo marks in tho skin. While these are generall/ asserted to bo indelible, if produced by the insertion of some carbonaceous matter, a correspondent of tho Chemical Xews says that the marks disappeared by being first well rubbed with a salvo of puro acetic acid and lord, then with a solution of potash, and finally with hydrochloric acid. 

Bismuthic Acid—(BiOa)H0—259—is deposited, as a red powder, when Cl is passed through a boiling solution of potash, holding Bismuthous hydroxid In suspension. When heated it is converted into the pentoxid, BiiOt. 

Oxids.—Stannous Oxid—Protoxid—SnO—183.7—obtained by heating the hydroxid or oxalate without contact of air. It is a white, amorphous powder, soluble in acids, and in hot concentrated solution of potash. It absorbs O readily. 

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