Porous scaffolds fabrication

PCL diol, BDI, and L-lysine ethyl ester dihydrochloride 3D porous scaffolds fabricated by melt-extrusion additive manufacturing and thermally induced phase separation Chiono et al. (2013a) Boffito et al. (2015)... 

Polycarbonate urethane having poly(acrylic acid) functional groups Highly porous scaffold fabricated by pressure differential solvent casting — particulate leaching Dubey et al. (2011)... 

McHugh, K.J., Tao, S.L., Saint-Geniez, M. A novel porous scaffold fabrication technique for epithelial and endothelial tissue engineering. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 24, 1659-1670 (2013). doi 10.1007/sl0856-013-4934-l... 

The PGS obtained by Wang and coworkers was a kind of thermoset elastomer with the Young s modulus of 0.282 0.025 MPa, a tensile strain of at least 267 zE 59.4%, and a tensUe strength was at least 0.5 MPa. The mechanical properties of PGS were well consisted with that of some common soft tissues. Although PGS is a thermoset polymer, its prepolymer can be processed into various shapes by solving it in common organic solvents such as 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, isopropanol, ethanol, and iV,M-dimethylformamide. Porous scaffolds can be fabricated by salt leaching. 

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary approach aiming at the generation of new functional living tissue. The new tissue should be fabricated using living cells associated with a degradable porous scaffold. The scaffold... 

An even more feasible approach seems to be that of Moutos et al., who used 104-pm sized, commercially available PGA multifilaments to weave into 3D structures [210], As shown in Fig. 11, interlocking of multiple layers led to porous scaffolds with 70-75% porosity. For cell growth, a composite structure was fabricated by vacuum-assisted infusion of a hydrogel. The resulting scaffolds had mechanical properties similar to those of artricular cartilage [210],... 

A bone regeneration by using tissue engineering approach is a quickly developing treatment in orthopedics. The main goal of the research in this field consists in elaboration of porous scaffolds for adding the process of a new bone formation. One of the potential material used for scaffold fabrication is composite materials consisting of polymeric matrix and ceramic fillers. 

Phase separation is one of the most popular techniques for fabricating porous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. In this process, phase separation is... 

Macroscopically homogeneous chitosan/heparin blended suspension fabricated into composite films and porous scaffolds by an optimized procedure... 

Wu L, Jing D, Ding JA (2006) room-temperature injection molding/particulate leaching approach for fabrication of biodegradable three-dimensional porous scaffolds. Biomaterials 27 185-191... 

This review firstly focuses on modification of the chitosan molecule to obtain desired properties and functions. The most important material forms (porous scaffolds, hydrogels, and rods) and delivery vectors fabricated from chitosan and its derivatives will be introduced. Particularly, the interaction and modulation of stem cell behavior by chitosan will be discussed. Finally, the applications of chitosan-based materials for repair and regeneration of various tissues and organs such as skin, cartilage, and bone will be summarized. 

Hariraksapitak and Supaphol [45] prepared functional bone scaffolds capable of enhanced physical, mechanical, and biological performances. The materials used to fabricate the porous scaffolds were hyaluronan and gelatin (1 1 w/w blend), and the reinforcing filler was nanochitin obtained from acid-hydrolyzed a-chitin. 

Yoon, J. J., Song, S. H., Lee, D. S., Park, T. G. Immohilization of cell adhesive RGD peptide onto the surface of highly porous biodegradable polymer scaffolds fabricated by a gas foaming/salt leaching method. Biomaterials. 2004, 25, 5613-5620. 

FIGURE 5.4 Different types of porous chitosan scaffolds fabricated by (a) thermally induced phase separation [129], (b) dense CO gas foaming [132], (c) sintering chitosan microspheres, and (d) electrospinning [157]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 1999, 2005, 2011 Elsevier. 

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