Polysulfone chemical structures

See also PBT degradation structure and properties of, 44-46 synthesis of, 106, 191 Polycaprolactam (PCA), 530, 541 Poly(e-caprolactone) (CAPA, PCL), 28, 42, 86. See also PCL degradation OH-terminated, 98-99 Polycaprolactones, 213 Poly(carbo[dimethyl]silane)s, 450, 451 Polycarbonate glycols, 207 Polycarbonate-polysulfone block copolymer, 360 Polycarbonates, 213 chemical structure of, 5 Polycarbosilanes, 450-456 Poly(chlorocarbosilanes), 454 Polycondensations, 57, 100 Poly(l,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCT), 25 Polydimethyl siloxanes, 4 Poly(dioxanone) (PDO), 27 Poly (4,4 -dipheny lpheny lpho sphine oxide) (PAPO), 347 Polydispersity, 57 Polydispersity index, 444 Poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA), 41 Poly(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA), 42 Polyester amides, 18 Polyester-based networks, 58-60 Polyester carbonates, 18 Polyester-ether block copolymers, 20 Polyester-ethers, 26... 

Fig. 1 Chemical structures of the polymers commonly used for preparation of beads poly (styrene-co-maleic acid) (=PS-MA) poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (=PMMA-MA) poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) (=PAN-AA) polyvinylchloride (=PVC) polysulfone (=PSulf) ethylcellulose (=EC) cellulose acetate (=CAc) polyacrylamide (=PAAm) poly(sty-rene-Wocfc-vinylpyrrolidone) (=PS-PVP) and Organically modified silica (=Ormosil). PS-MA is commercially available as an anhydride and negative charges on the bead surface are generated during preparation of the beads...

The aromatic sulfone polymers are a group of high performance plastics, many of which have relatively closely related structures and similar properties (see POLYMERS containing SULFUR, polysulfones). Chemically, all are polyethersulfones, ie, they have both aryl ether (ArOAr) and aryl sulfone (ArS02Ar) linkages in the polymer backbone. The simplest polyethersulfone (5) consists of aromatic rings linked alternately by ether and sulfone groups. 

Fig. 7 Chemical structures of some sulfonated polymers and a polyimide (A) sulfonated polyetheretherketone, PEEK, PSE (B) sulfonated polyphenylenesulfide, PPS (C) sulfonated polysulfone (D) poly(4,4 -biphenol) (4,4 -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone), BPSH-XX (XX is mol% of disulfdonated units) (E) sulfonated polybenzimidazole, PBI (F) polyimide.

It is important to note that the chemical structures of the membranes are proprietary and local variations can occur due to the nature of membrane manufacturing processes. In order to avoid possible misinterpretation of membrane chemieal structure due to local variations, ESCA analysis was repeated for selected membranes. The XPS analysis revealed that CALP was a cellulose acetate membrane represented for the most part by tri-acetate species (acetate (O—C=0)be 289.7 eV) (Fig. 27). The LFCl membrane showed a polyamide active layer apparently crosslinked to a polysulfone (S (2p)be 170-168 eV) infrastructure as suggested by the XPS surface scan. 

Polysulfone is an engineering polymer that can be used at elevated temperatures. It has the following chemical structure ... 

Sulfonated aromatic polymers have been widely studied as alternatives to Nafion due to potentially attractive mechanical properties, thermal and chemical stability, and commercial availability of the base aromatic polymers. Aromatic polymers studied in fuel cell apphcations include sulfonated poly(p-phenylene)s, sulfonated polysulfones, sulfonated poly(ether ether ke-tone)s (SPEEKs), sulfonated polyimides (SPIs), sulfonated polyphosphazenes, and sulfonated polybenzimidazoles. Representative chemical structures of sulfonated aromatic polymers are shown in Scheme 3. Aromatic polymers are readily sulfonated using concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, or sulfur trioxide. Post-sulfonation reactions suffer from a lack of control over the degree and location of functionalization, and the... 

Scheme 4 Chemical structures of sulfonated polysulfones obtained by post-sulfonation and direct polymerization a post-sulfonation b direct polymerization...

The company ICI (Great Britain) produced polysulfones identical to Astrel-360 in its chemical structure. However, the polymer 720 P of that firm contains greater number of second-type links. Due to this, the glassing temperature of the polymer is 250 °C and its reprocessing can be done on standard equipment [153]. 

Polysulfones are a family of engineering thermoplastics that exhibit excellent high-temperature properties. Many variations of this material have a continuous use temperature of 150 C and a maximum temperature of around 170 C. Polysulfones are produced by the Friedel-Crafts reaction of sulfonyl chloride groups with aromatic nuclei, or by reacting 4,4 -dichlorodiphenylsulfone with alkali salt of bisphenol A. The latter polycondensation is conducted in highly polar solvents, such as dimethylsulfoxide or sulfolane. These materials can be injection molded into complex shapes and can compete with many metals. The following is the chemical structure ... 

In recent years a series of polysulfone copolymers bearing pyridine units in the main chain have been prepared and studied. These copolymers will be described in the following section and thier chemical structure can be seen in Fig. 10. Blends of the copolymer I50 (Fig. 10), which hereafter will be called PPy(50)coPSF (bearing 50% pyridine), with mPBI have been prepared and studied thoroughly with respect to their miscibihty behavior, mechanical properties, their doping ability with phosphoric acid and conductivity values, as well as their thennal and oxidative stability 69,70,71... 

Standard polysulfone is produced by the reaction between the sodium salt of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenol) propane and 4,4 -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone. The chemical structure is shown in Fig. P. 19. 

The chemical structure of two of the polymers from this class are given below. The polysulfones possess very good chemical and thermal stability as indicated by their values (PSf sl90 C PES = 230 C). These polymers are widely used as basic... 

Table 1. Chemical Structures and Glass-Transition Temperatures (Tg) of Polysulfone, Polyethersulfone, and Polyphenylsulfone...

Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells, Membranes, Fig. 3 Chemical structure of (a) quaternary ammonium polysulfone-based anion exchange membrane and (b) polyethersulfone-cardo-based anion exchange membrane... 

Scheme 2. Chemical structures of two polysulfone materials used for membrane manufacture...

The conference included presentations covering polysulfone s chemical structure, physical properties and manufacturing processes followed by a tour of the fabrication and laboratory facilities with accompanying demonstrations. 

Chemical structures of (a) poly(ethersulfone) (b) polysulfone (c) sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (d) benzyl sulfonated poly(2,2 -/D-phenylene-5,5 -bibenzimidazole) (e) sulfonated polyiphenyl quinoxaline) (f) sulfonated poly(2,6-diphenyl-4-phenylene oxide). 

Figure 6 The chemical structure of polysulfone and polyetherimide. Preformed thermoplastic particles...

Due to the successful implementation of polysulfone in hollow fibre membranes, this system has become the one to outperform. The intrinsic selectivity of polysulfone is high, with a CO2/CH4 separation factor of about 29, an H2/CH4 separation factor of about 54, and an H2 permeability of about 10 Barrer. A substantial amount of work has been done in trying to develop new polymers which are more permeable and more selective than polysulfone, while at the same time still tractable. The greatest success appears to have come from the polyimide class of polymers, though others are worthy of note. The work of Koros et al. showed the relationship between the chemical structures in a series of polyimides and their gas separation properties. The polyimides studied are shown in Fig. 11.3. 

Fig. 13.4 Chemical structure and characteristics of polysulfone (PSu) polymers used for dialysis membranes. Its specific chemical characteristics are shown in the panel above. PSu- membrane dimensions are depicted in the centered panel, a capillary cross section, inner diameter 200 om, b cross section of the membrane wall the membrane is only 1 pm thick and backed by a rather open support structure of 39 pm that maintains mechanical stability, c view on the outer membrane surface area, showing its high porosity, d view on the rather smooth inner membrane surface area where pore sizes are between 1 and 3 nm. The lower panel shows the detaiied molecular structure of polysulfone (PSu) and polyethersulfone (PES)...

Figure 32.1 Chemical structures of (a) polysulfone and (b) polyethersulfone and FTIR-ATR spectra of the commercial nanofiltration membranes NF45, NF270, and NTR7450. The spectra reveal that the membranes contain a polysulfone layer (Puro et al., 2006, with permission of IChemE s journals).

The general chemical structure of polysulfone is shown in Fig. 6.1. It is an amorphous polymer that has a glass transition temperature or of about 185°C. Due to the aromatic backbones present in the chemical structure, polysulfones typically possess high stiffness and strength. Articles made from polysulfone have excellent transparency features. 

Fig.l shows the chemical structure and sample code for the protonated form of disulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymers used in this study. All copolymers used in this study were synthesized at Prof James McGrath s lab with the procediue published previously [4, 5]. The synthesized polysulfones were initially in the potassium sulfonate form. They were... 

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