Based on Polysulfones

Proprietary blend formulations based on polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and polyphenylsulfone are sold commercially by Amoco Corporation to meet various end use requirements. The blends based on polysulfone are sold under the MINDEL trademark. A glass fiber-reinforced blend based on PES is offered under the trade name RADEL AG-360. This offers most of the performance characteristics of 30% glass fiber-reinforced polyethersulfone but at a lower cost. Two blend product lines are offered based on PPSF. These are designated as the RADEL R-4000 and R-7000 series of products. The former is a lower cost alternative to RADEL R PPSF homopolymer offering most of the performance attributes unique to PPSF. The R-7000 series of resins have been formulated for use in aircraft interiors for civil air transport. They exhibit a very high degree of resistance to flammabihty and smoke release. 

As of November 1,1995, the price range of UDEL polysulfone resins in large quantities was 9.10— 12.03 /kg depending on grade and color. RADEL A polyethersulfone grades sold for 10.46— 13.26/kg and the prices of RADEL R polyphenylsulfone resins were in the range 15.75— 25.95/kg. MINDEL resins based on polysulfone had list prices between 6.72— 7.42/kg. 

The anion-exchange membrane based on polysulfone can be prepared by halo-methylation of the backbone polymer and subsequent reaction with a tertiary amine... 

Membrane and Membrane Design Most membranes are polymers in nature, but some inorganic membranes have become available. The most common membranes are based on polysulfone, cellulose acetate, polyamide, fluoropolymers, and other compounds. Formation of a symmetric membrane structure is an important element in the success of UF/NF membrane separation (16). The other considerations for membrane separation are as follows (1) separation capabilities (retention or selectivity), (2) separation rate (flux), (3) chemical and mechanical stabilities, and (4) membrane material cost. 

Case Study Application of Surface-Modified Manbranes Based on Polysulfone and Polyethersulfone in UF/Complexation... 

Nanohybrid materials have been furthermore used for ultra-/nanofiltration applications. Nanofiltration is a pressure-driven membrane separation process and can be used for the production of drinking water as well as for the treatment of process and waste waters. Some apphcations are desalination of brackish water, water softening, removal of micropollutants, and retention of dyes. Ultrafiltration membranes based on polysulfones filled with zirconia nanoparticles are usually prepared via a phase-inversion technique and have been used since 1990 [328]. Various studies were done in order to assess the effect of the addition of Zr02 to polysulfone-based ultrafiltration membranes [329] and the influence of filler loading on the compaction and filtration properties of membranes. The results indicate that the elastic strain of the nanohybrid membranes decreases and the time-dependent strain... 

One unique application area for PSF is in membrane separation uses. Asymmetric PSF membranes are used in ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, and ambulatory hemodialysis (artificial kidney) units. Gas-separation membrane technology was developed in the 1970s based on polysulfone hollow-fiber membranes. The PRISM (Monsanto) gas-separation system based on this concept has been a significant breakthrough in gas-separation technology (see Membrane Technology). Additional details are available on the use of polysulfone in membrane separations (45), as well as gas transport properties of polysnlfone and polyethersulfone (46-50). 

Aromatic polysulfones can be reprocesses by die-casting, by means of extrusion, pressing, blow method [150,151], The aromatic polysulfones should be dried out for approximately 1.8 Ifr sec at 120 until the moisture is more than 0,05%. The quality of articles based on polysulfone worsens at higher moists though the polymer itself does not change its properties. The polysulfones are reprocessible at temperatures 315-370 °C. 

Linares, A. Aeosta, J. L. (2004). Structural Characterization of Polymer Blends Based on Polysulfones J. Appl. Pofym. Sci, 92(5), 3030-3039. 

This chapter is a review focussed on the development of ionomers based on aromatic polysulfones for their application as Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) or in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC). Different types of synthesis routes have been discussed in this chapter in order to obtain ionomers based on polysulfones with variation in structural designs. Special attention is given to the impact of the structural design of the ionomer on various properties such as membrane morphology, thermo-mechanical stability and protonic conductivity of the membranes for their utilization as PEMs. 

BASF Ultrason grades are high-temperature-resistant, amorphous thermoplastics based on polysulfone and polyether sulfone, and are traded as Ultrason S and Ultrason E, respectively. 

Some improvements in anionic commercial membranes were made possible by irradiation. For example, Hwang and Ohya [133] used accelerated electron radiation to cross-link a commercial membrane based on polysulfone (New-Selemion, Asahi Glass). They proved that these highly cross-linked anion exchange membranes showed a higher coulombic and energy efficiency than Nation membranes when used in an all-vanadium redox flow battery. Application of these membranes in an alkaline fuel cell is also conceivable. 

Composites) and a few where the resin is based on cyanate esters. Thermoplastic matrices are also encountered (i.e., matrices that can change from a solidus to a liquidus form by the application of heat and pressure and then revert to the solid state on cooling), which are usually, but not exclusively, based on polysulfone, polyethersulfone, or polyether ether ketone chemistries. 

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