Polypropylene-g-poly

Most of the polymers are better known by their trivial names or trade names. Polymers prepared from single polymers are denoted by prefixing poly- to the name of the monomer, e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, Polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, etc. If the monomer has substituents or has a multi-worded name, the name of the monomer is enclosed in parenthesis after the prefix poly-, e.g., poly (methyl methacrylate), poly (vinyl alcohol), etc. Condensation polymers like that derived from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid are named as poly (ethylene terephthalate). 

They are fabricated from a variety of inorganic, organic, and naturally occurring materials and generally contain pores that are greater than 50—100 A in diameter. Materials such as nonwoven fibers (e.g. nylon, cotton, polyesters, glass), polymer films (e.g. polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), poly(tetrafluo-roethylene) (PTFE), poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC)), and naturally occurring substances (e.g. rubber, asbestos, wood) have been used for microporous separators in batteries that operate at ambient and low temperatures (<100 °C). The microporous polyolefins (PP, PE, or laminates of PP and PE) are widely used in lithium based nonaqueous batteries (section 6.1), and filled polyethylene separators in lead-acid batteries (section 7.3), respectively. 

Fig. 23.4 Organophilic pervaporation (PV) for in situ recovery of volatile flavour compounds from bioreactors. The principle of PV can be viewed as a vacuum distillation across a polymeric barrier (membrane) dividing the liquid feed phase from the gaseous permeate phase. A highly aroma enriched permeate is recovered by freezing the target compounds out of the gas stream. As a typical silicone membrane, an asymmetric poly(octylsiloxane) (POMS) membrane is exemplarily depicted. Here, the selective barrier is a thin POMS layer on a polypropylene (PP)/poly(ether imide) (PEI) support material. Several investigations of PV for the recovery of different microbially produced flavours, e.g. 2-phenylethanol [119], benzaldehyde [264], 6-pentyl-a-pyrone [239], acetone/buta-nol/ethanol [265] and citronellol/geraniol/short-chain esters [266], have been published...

Container-closures of the same type (e.g., poly vinyl chloride [PVC], PYC/Aclar, and aluminum blisters high density polypropylene [HDPE] containers with different caps and/or seals)... 

All polymers can be divided into two major groups thermoplastics and thermosets) based on their thermal processing behavior. Thermoplastics soften and flow when heated. Upon cooling, thermoplastic polymers harden and assume the shape of the mold. Examples of commercial thermoplastics include polystyrene, polyolefins (e.g. polyethylene and polypropylene), nylon, poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC), and poly (ethylene) terephthalate (PET). Thermoplastics make up 80% of the plastic produced today and these polymers are linear or branched in their structure. 

Polymers of thietanes have been converted to the corresponding polysulf-oxides and polysulfones. A blend of preformed polyalkene [e.g., polypropylene] and poly(thietane) has been milled and molded and is used for making fibers, films, bottles, and pipes. ... 

Figure 8 Segments of isotactic (a), syndiotactic (b), atactic (c), and hemiisotactic polypropylene (d) chains. Segments of erythro-6 soXaci c (e), f/ reo-diisotactic (f), and disyndiotactic (g) poly-diolefin chains. The modified Fischer projection is shown. For parts, (a)-(c) a zigzag representation is also reported.

Highly branched polymers such as polypropylene and polymers with other links, e.g. poly(oxymethylene), are most readily attacked by atomic oxygen. Perfluorinated polymers, rubber vulcanized with sulfur, and highly aromatic polymers are the most resistant. 

Poly(methylmethacrylate)-g-poly(dimethylsil-oxane) (PMMA-g-PDMS) fractionation, 217-229 Polyoxyalkylene, 257-258 Polyphenol oxidase, 313 Polypropylene, 336 isotactic, 360-364 pressed sheet, 360-364 Polysilane polymers, 278 cyclohexyl-substituted, 277 Polysiloxane polymers, 278 fractionation, 217-250 functionally terminated, 273 Polysiloxane/PMMA copolymer fractionation, 217-250... 

Reactive compatibilizing agents of the type A-C can also compatibilize an A/B blend as long as C can chemically react with B. Such studied systems include polyethylene (PE)/nylon-6 blends compatibilized with carboxyl functional PE, polypropylene (PP)/poly(ethylene-terephthalate), with PP-g-acrylic acid, nylon-6,6/EPDM with poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride), and nylon-6/PP with PP-g-maleic anhydride. 

FIGURE 12.6 Plot of the glass transition temperature as a function of log r, where x is the number of chain atoms or bonds in the backbone. Data for (-0-) poly(a-methyl styrene), (-A-) poly(methyl methacrylate) (- -) polystyrene, (- -) poly(vinylchloride), (-A-) isotactic poly-propylene, (- -) atactic polypropylene, and (- -) poly(dimethylsiloxane). (From Cowie, J.M.G., Eur. Polym. J., 11, 297, 1975. With permission of Pergamon Press.)... 

Polypropylene glycol (5) methacrylate. See PPG-5 methacrylate Polypropylene g col (6) methaci te. See PPG-6 methacrylate Polypropylene glycol monomethyl ether. See Methoxyisopropanol Poly (propylene oxide). See Polypropylene glycol... 

G. Q. Ma, Y. H. Zhao, L. T. Yan, Y. Y. Li, J. Sheng, Blends of polypropylene with poly(cis-butadiene) rubber. III. Study on the phase structure and morphology of incompatible blends of polypropylene with poly(cis-butadiene) rubber. /. Appl. Poly. Sci. 2006, 100, 4900. 

Meligi, G., Yoshii, F., Sasaki. T., Makuuchi, K., Rabie, A. M. and Nishimoto, S-L, 1995. Comparison of the degradability of irradiated polypropylene and poly(propylene-co-ethylene) in the natural environment. Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol. 49, No. 2, (No information 1995), pp 323-327, ISSN 0141-3910. 

Similar results were found when a polypropylene-block-poly(propylene glycol), PP-b-PPG, diblock copolymer was utilized as compatibilizer its ability to increase the interlayer distance of PP/dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium-modified montmorilonite hybrids was studied and compared with the corresponding behavior of PP-g-MA [55]. The ratio of compatibilizer to organoclay used was low but nevertheless 2 wt% of PP-b-PPG resulted in a 4A increase of interlayer distance, which was better than what was observed utilizing maleated PP under the same conditions. 

Three-component polypropylene, 1-99 wt% PP, blends comprised 1. either acidified PP, its mixture with PP, or a mixture of PP with carboxylic acid-modified EPR 2. 99-1 wt% of maleated polymer [e.g., poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene-co-MA] and 3. epoxy group-containing copolymer [e.g., 0.1-300 phr of ethylene-methyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate = 65-15-20 or ethylene-vinyl acetate-glycidyl methacrylate = 85-5-10]. The blends were used to mold car bumpers and fenders, with good stiffness and low-temperature impact resistance ... 

Polymers containing methyne CH bonds, e.g. polypropylene (PP), or methylene CH bonds in the a position of a heteroatom, e.g. poly(methylene oxide) (POM), polyamides (PA) and amine cross-linked epoxy (ACE), are relatively unstable. 

Da Silva N. Ana Ldcia, Rocha C. G. Marisa, Coutinho M. B. Fernanda, Bretas E. S. Rosario, and Scuracchio Carlos. Rheological and thermal properties of binary blends of polypropylene and poly(ethylene-co-l-octene). J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 79 no. 9 (2000) 1634-1639. 

Atomic oxygen reacts rapidly with several polymers [655, 803, 905-907, 1294, 1362, 1387, 1776, 1777, 1839, 1958]. Figure 7.1 shows the effect of atomic oxygen on the weight loss of different polymers. Highly branched polymers such as polypropylene and polymers with ether links, e.g. poly-(oxymethylene), are most readily attacked by atomic oxygen. Perffuorinated polymers, rubber vulcanized with sulphur and highly aromatic polymers are... 

---