Polyolefins polystyrene

Individual families of plastics such as polyolefins, polystyrenes, nylons, and polyvinyl chlorides are compounded to produce many different individual plastics. The polyolefin is actually made up of its families of poly-ethylenes, polypropylenes, etc. In turn the... 

GC is extensively used to determine phenolic and amine antioxidants, UV light absorbers, stabilisers and organic peroxide residues, in particular in polyolefins, polystyrene and rubbers (cf. Table 61 of Crompton [158]). Ostromow [159] has described the quantitative determination of stabilisers and AOs in acetone or methanol extracts of rubbers and elastomers by means of GC. The method is restricted to analytes which volatilise between 160 °C and 300 °C without decomposition. A selection of 47 reports on GC analysis of AOs in elastomers (period 1959-1982) has been published... 

P.Y.116 is also used in plastics. In plasticized PVC, it shows little tendency to bleed and is thermally stable up to 180°C. The lightfastness of transparent PVC colorations (0.1% pigment) equals step 7-8 in 1/3 SD (with 5% TiOz), it corresponds to step 6 on the Blue Scale. Insufficient heat resistance limits the application of P.Y.116 in polyolefins, polystyrene, and other polymers which are processed at high temperature. 

Non-black antistatics allow surface resistivities roughly in the range of 10 to 10 ohms per square to be obtained but their action generally depends on the relative humidity. However, new generations are being marketed without this drawback and are efficient at a relative humidity as low as 15%. Some are offered in masterbatches based on polyolefins, polystyrenes, polyesters, acrylics, ABS, polyacetals. .. 

Chromic or sulfo-chromic acid etching, for polyolefins, polystyrene, ABS, polyacetal, polyphenylene ether. .. These treatments have two effects ... 

Slip additives act at the surface of a polymer film or article to reduce the friction between it and another surface. In a variety of plastics, such as polyolefins, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride, fatty-acid amides are applied as slip additives. Fatty-acid amides, such as oleamide, stearamide, erucamide, and oleyl palmitamide, are added to plastic formulations where they gradually tend to bloom to the surface, imparting useful properties including lubrication, prevention of films sticking together, and reduction of static charge. 

Limited compatibility to standard polymers. Ecoflex is incompatible to standard polymers like polyolefins, polystyrene and polyvinylchloride (PVC), forming large domains in blends with standard polymers. 

Basically, Ecoflex is designed to ran on existing extruders for polyolefins, polystyrene, PVC or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The limitations of... 

In the most general sense, all plastics are engineering materials, in that they offer specific properties which we judge quantitatively in the design of end-use applications. Among die large-volume established thermoplastics, we should certainly pay tribute to the engineering performance of the polyolefins, polystyrene, impact styrene, ABS, vinyls, acrylic, and cellulosic plastics. 

In addition to the above-mentioned polymers, other addition polymers such as polyolefin, polystyrene, polyvinylethers, polychloral, polyisocyanides, polyacetylene, and polyethers were synthesized and evaluated as the precursors for the preparation of CSPs. Some of them were coated or chemically bonded to silica gel and tested for the chiral resolution of different racemic compounds. 

Takeda N (1989) Foams of polyolefin/polystyrene resin mixture. US Patent 4,847,150... 

Synthetic polymers polyolefines (polystyrene, polystyrenedivinylben-zene), acrylic polymers (polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylate, etc.) and others such as polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl chloride, polyte-trafluoroethylene, polyamides, polyurethane, silicone, etc. 

As block copolymers are still rather expensive materials, it may be advantageous to use them as additives to important industrial polymers. In this domain, possibilities are extremely numerous and diverse. They include an improvement of chemical properties such as resistence to degradation agents, or rheological properties such as adhesion of vinylic paints, high impact properties of conventional thermoplastics, or a compatibilization of polyolefins, polystyrene and poly(vinyl chloride) allowing the reuse of polymeric waste products. The above examples illustrate the great intrinsic potential of block copolymers in the quest of new materials with specific properties. 

To improve the properties of PLA, plasticizers, special additives such as chain-extenders, polymer blends, and composites are commonly investigated. Martin and Averous (10) have studied the effects of various plasticizers on the properties of PLA. Pilla et al. (11-12) have investigated the effects of chain-extenders on the foaming properties of PLA. In addition, a vast number of studies have been conducted to enhance the properties of PLA by blending it with various polymers such as polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyvinyl acetate, polyolefins, polystyrene, HIPS (high impact polystyrene), polyacetals, polycarbonate, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) (13-26). 

Ex-Tech manufactures speciality thermoformed polyolefin, polystyrene, PVC and PLA film and sheet for food applications. 

Metallocenes are very versatile catalysts for the production of polyolefins, polystyrene and copolymers. Some polymers such as syndiotaetic polypropene, syndiotactic polystyrene, cycloolefin copolymers, optically active oligomers, and polymethylenecycloalkenes can be produced only by metallocene catalysts. It is possible to tailor the microstructure of polymers by changing the ligand structure of the metallocene. The effect and influence of the ligands can more and more be predicted and understood by molecular modeling and other calculations. 

PCAs (typically medium carbon chain length compounds of 50 - 60 wt% Cl) are also used as secondary plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and in other plastics (polyesters, polyolefins, polystyrene) and rubbers (neoprene). PCAs can partially replace primary plasticizers such as phthalates and phosphate esters [21]. As plasticizers, PCAs lend flame retardancy to the product, unlike phthalate esters [5]. They are added prior to the processing step for the polymer. 

A material used as antistat for methane foams is reported to also reduce corrosion risk, and neoalkoxy titanates and zirconates have been found to be effective antistats for polyolefins, polystyrene, and polyesters (6). 

Polymers with saturated carbon chain backbone include polyolefins, polystyrenes, halogenated polyolefins, halogenated polystyrenes, polyvinyls substituted with various groups such as -OH, -OR, -0(0)C-R, -C(0)0-R, -C(0)-R, -C5H4N, etc. In this class also are included polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polymers with ketone groups in the backbone, as well as other polymers with saturated carbon chain backbone. The polymers with a saturated carbon chain backbone form the most important and common class of polymers. 

This group includes salts and esters of stearic acid, which is a saturated fatty acid. Often termed as metallic stearates, these compounds are used as release agents in processing polyolefins, polystyrenes, polyesters and rubbers. 

On the other hand SO- shows photochemical reactivity under sun irradiation (up to 388 nm). The excited form of S02 reacts with several polymejg jych as polyolefins, polystyrene, rubbers, nylons and acrylates. The main reactions are photosulfonation... 

The main reaction of NO2 with polymers (such as polyolefins, polystyrene, nylon, rubbersl is abstraction of a hydrogen from the polymer molecules (PH) ... 

U.S. Pat. No. 6,903,149 [58] discloses a plastic-wood composite comprising 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic resin such as PVC, polyolefin, polystyrene, a polyester resin, and a polyamide resin, 5-400 parts by weight of wood flour, and 0.05-20 parts by weight of a dibasic polyol ester having at least one hydroxyl group esterified with fatty acid. 

Polyolefin + Polystyrene or Styrene Copolymer Binary Blends... 

Polyolefin-polystyrene blends have long been studied. They are immiscible showing two-phase morphologies. The blends showed poor mechanical properties, especially elongation at break and impact strength, much lower than those predicted based on an additive rule (118). Their fracture surfaces were observed by electron microscope (119,120). As shown in Fig. 2.8, the dispersed phase is easy to be pulled from the matrix and leaves very smooth surface, indicating low interfacial adhesion. 

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