Polymers patterned self-assembling monolayers

Lu, G., Li, W., Yao, J.M., Zhang, G., Yang, B., Shen, J.C. Fabricating ordered two-dimensional arrays of polymer rings with submicrometer-sized features on patterned self-assembled monolayers by dewetting. Adv. Mater. 14(15), 1049 (2002)... 

Rozsnyai, R. R, and Wrighton, M. S., Controlling the adhesion of conducting polymer films with patterned self-assembled monolayers, Chem. Mater., 8, 309-311 (1996). 

Farhan et al. [25] reported surface-initiated polymerizations from polymeric surfaces of commercially important polyester films, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN). Patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the trichlorosilane initiator were first immobilized on the surface through a soft lithographic method of microcontact printing (ICP). Grafting from the surface was initiated via controlled ATRP, under aqueous conditions, to create patterned brushes of the ther-moresponsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm), as shown in Figure 1.8. 

Novel Sensor Architectures Based on Patterned Self-Assembled Monolayers and Patterned Polymer Films... 

Hammond, P.T. and Whitesides, G.M., Formation of polymer microstructures by selective deposition of polyion multilayers using patterned self-assembled monolayers as a template. Macromolecules, 1995. 28(22) p. 7569-7571. 

In addition, the patterning method presented here is not restricted only to glass substrates unlike the use of patterned SAMs (self-assembled monolayers), where the choice of substrates is limited. In general this method would allow for the photogeneration of patterns of CaCOj on a variety of substrates, including e.g. conducting polymers, which would be beneficial for electrical stimulation of cells to enhance their proliferation and differentiation. 

D. M. Collard and C. N. Sayre, Micron-scale patterning of conjugated polymers on microcontact printed patterns of self-assembled monolayers, Synth. Met, 84, 329, 1997. 

M.H. Jung and H. Lee, Patterning of conducting polymers using charged self-assembled monolayers, Langmuir, 24, 9825-9831 (2008). 

P. Cyganick, A. Bernasik, A. Budkowski, B. Beiges, K. Kowalski, J. Rysz, J. Lekki, M. Lekka, Z. Postawa, Phase decomposition in polymer blend "1ms cast on substrates patterned with self-assembled monolayers. Vacuum, 2001, 63, 307. 

In 2D cell culture on chip, cell adhesion has been extensively studied on patterned surfaces for it is critical to cellular functions. Micropattems have been used to study the cellular interactions with various materials such as metals, polymers, self-assembled monolayers, extracellular matrix proteins, cell adhesion peptides, and other bioactive molecules. The physical and chemical properties of a substrate affect the attachment and growth of cells on it, and many studies have demonstrated that different topographical features of a surface affect cell attachment. Glass, sflicon, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are widely used as substrate materials of ceU culture microchips. 

FIGURE 8.72 Patterns used to illustrate requirements for conducting polymer-based circuitry. Dots indicate placement of the probe wires for conductivity measurements. An optical micrograph of this interdigjtated pattern after contact transfer to PDMS. Inherent limitations in self-assembled monolayers (SAM) are presumably responsible for the defects observed. (From Gorman, C.B., Biebuyck, H.A., and Whitesides, G.M., Chem. Mater., 7,526,1995. With permission.)... 

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are highly ordered molecular assembUes that form spontaneously by chemisorption of functionalized molecules on surfaces, and organize themselves laterally, most commonly by van der Waals interactions between monomers [5]. We consider SAMs to be a type of two-dimensional polymer they are, in a sense, a uniform supramolecular assembly of short hydrocarbon chains covalently grafted onto a macromolecular entity, that is, the surface. In SAMs, individual monomers (usually linear alkyl chains functionalized at one end or both) are not directly linked by covalent bonds to each other, but rather to a common substrate — a metal or a metal oxide surface. SAMs exist in a number of different types homogeneous SAMs on planar and curved substrates, SAMs on metallic liquids, SAMs on nanoparticles, mixed SAMs, and two-dimensionally patterned SAMs. Table 1 compares some characteristics of SAMs and conventional polymers based on bonding and structural type. 

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