Polymer resin sodium

A carboxylic acid resin having an exchange capadty of 5.5-6.5 meq/g has been prepared by polymerizing furylacrylic acid with 1-9% benzene sulphonic acid in a sealed ampoule at 100 °C for 7.5 h and then treating the polymer with sodium hydroxide. 

Sodium sulfhydride (NaSH) is a much better reagent for the formation of thiols (mercaptans) from alkyl halides than H2S and is used much more often. It is easily prepared by bubbling H2S into an alkaline solution, but hydrosulfide on a supported polymer resin has also been used. " The reaction is most useful for primary halides. Secondary substrates give much lower yields, and the reaction fails completely for tertiary halides because elimination predominates. Sulfuric and sulfonic esters can be used instead of halides. Thioethers (RSR) are often side products. The conversion can also be accomplished under neutral conditions by treatment of a primary halide with F and a tin sulfide, such as PhsSnSSnPhs. An indirect method for the preparation of a thiol is the reaction of an alkyl halide with thiourea to give an isothiuronium salt (119), and subsequent treatment with alkali or a... 

The two insoluble compounds precipitate and are removed from the water by filtration. Thus by the successive usage of cation and anion-exchange resins sodium chloride could be removed from water. An example of a cation-exchange resin is sulfonated styrene-divinyl-benzene polymer and an anion-exchange resin can be made by chloromethylating styrene-divinyl copolymer and replacing the chlorines with tr i me thy1ami ne. 

There is one interesting example where electrochemical oxidation has failed, but chemical oxidation has succeeded in producing the desired polymer. The sodium salt of 3-(3-thienyl)-propanesulfonic acid has been polymerized at room temperature in an aqueous medium, using FeCla as the oxidant. The polymeric material (ferrous salt) is then treated with NaOH to get the sodium salt of the polymer this can be exchanged for other cations by treatment with ion-exchange resins <90CC1694>. 

To obtain optimum adhesion, the film forming resin dispersion or solution should be added such that it does not gel or coagulate either the silica or the sodium silicate before adding them to the sand. For instance, the polymer resin dispersions can be mixed with the silica before adding to the sand because both are compatible and do not gel when mixed together. The mixtures can be added to sand and they will form an adhesive film on the surface of the sand grains. After the silica and the polymer resin dispersion have been mixed with the sand, the sodium silicate solution can be added to the sand and although it will thicken in contact with the silica and the polymer resin dispersion, it will do so in situ, that is. 

Alcoholic solutions of the polymer resins may be used but are not recommended as additives to the silica-sodium silicate binder because they get very thick in contact with the binder and tend to gel faster than the aqueous dispersions and therefore do not distribute as uniformly on the sand grains, however, dilute alcoholic solutions of polymer resins can be used as such or mixed with commercial zircon core washes to coat the surface of the cores and give improved hardness and storage life to the cores. In this case the gel forms on the surface of the sand core already set, and it air dries fairly fast or it is dried almost instantaneously by lighting the alcohol to extinction of the flame, therefore preventing the possible diffusion of the alcohol into the core. 

Under these conditions the polymer resin macromolecules and/or colloidal particles are expected to coalesce and form an effective adhesive bond between the sand grains and reinforce the sodium polysilicate binder. 

To obtain optimum adhesion, the film forming resin dispersion or solution should be added such that it does not gel or coagulate either the sUica or the sodium sUicate before adding them to the sand. For instance, the polymer resin dispersions can be mixed with the silica before adding to the sand because both are compatible and do... 

The use of a water solution or water dispersion of a polymer resin produces sand cores with the sUica-sodium silicate binder having as gassed mechanical... 

Classification Polymer Definition Sodium form of a sulfonated divinylbenzene-styrene copolymer cation exchange resin Empirical (CsHsOsS Na)x Properties Golden brn. fine powd., odorless, char, taste insol. in water anionic Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) > 8 g/kg, (oral, mouse) > 10,125 mg/kg mildly toxic by ing. irritant experimental reproductive effects TSCA listed... 

Ethylene/zinc acrylate copolymer ionomeric polymer comonomer Sodium vinyl sulfonate ionomeric resins, food-contact Vinyl acetate... 

The polymer resins sorb liquids or solutes like ethyl acetate, hexane, and ethylene diamine and dissolved solids like aldrin, sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates, and phenol. If sulponated, they exchange ions like cadmium more readily than the unsulphonated resin. Thus the macroreticular resins are more versatile than polyurethane foam, but not as universally so as activated carbons. 

Pyrazoline, Isoxazoline, andBenzofb][1,4Jdiazepine Derivatives. The sulfone linker 44 derived Irom 43 is a versatile and robust tether and many new applications of this linker have been explored. To demonstrate the use of 44 as a versatile and robust tether that offers various on-resin functionalization or cleavage with additional changes, Lam and coworkers have highlighted the preparation of the five-membered pyrazoUne/isoxazoline 48 as well as the fused benzodiazepine 47 (Scheme 12.11). The polymer-bound sodium sulfinate resin 43 was treated with benzyl bromide using NBU4I/KI/DMF to yield 5-alkylated sulfone... 

Merrifield polymer resins are often used as substrates for polymer brush synthesis using NMP. To achieve this, TEMPO is reduced with sodium ascorbate. 

The neat resin preparation for PPS is quite compHcated, despite the fact that the overall polymerization reaction appears to be simple. Several commercial PPS polymerization processes that feature some steps in common have been described (1,2). At least three different mechanisms have been pubUshed in an attempt to describe the basic reaction of a sodium sulfide equivalent and -dichlorobenzene these are S Ar (13,16,19), radical cation (20,21), and Buimett s (22) Sj l radical anion (23—25) mechanisms. The benzyne mechanism was ruled out (16) based on the observation that the para-substitution pattern of the monomer, -dichlorobenzene, is retained in the repeating unit of the polymer. Demonstration that the step-growth polymerization of sodium sulfide and /)-dichlorohenzene proceeds via the S Ar mechanism is fairly recent (1991) (26). Eurther complexity in the polymerization is the incorporation of comonomers that alter the polymer stmcture, thereby modifying the properties of the polymer. Additionally, post-polymerization treatments can be utilized, which modify the properties of the polymer. Preparation of the neat resin is an area of significant latitude and extreme importance for the end user. 

Some polymers from styrene derivatives seem to meet specific market demands and to have the potential to become commercially significant materials. For example, monomeric chlorostyrene is useful in glass-reinforced polyester recipes because it polymerizes several times as fast as styrene (61). Poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) [9003-59-2] a versatile water-soluble polymer, is used in water-poUution control and as a general flocculant (see Water, INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT FLOCCULATING AGENTs) (63,64). Poly(vinylhenzyl ammonium chloride) [70304-37-9] h.a.s been useful as an electroconductive resin (see Electrically conductive polya rs) (65). 

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