Sodium Alkylbenzenesulfonates

Acids such as fatty acids and alkylbenzenesulfonic acids are neutralized with NaOH during slurry preparation to form soap and sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, respectively. 

The effect of chain length on the pseudo rate constant is shown in Fig. 18. Clearly, the optimum chain length for AOS is 16 carbon atoms. However, at this optimum the rate of oil solubilization for AOS is still below that observed for the reference compound DOBS 103, a sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate with 10-13 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. Increasing the chain length of IOS subjected to an aging step before hydrolysis with NaOH (IOSa in Fig. 18) leads to a continuously increasing rate of oil solubilization. The highest rate was... 

C12-0078. Of the following compounds, which will be the best and which will be the worst surfactant Support your choices with molecular pictures, (a) sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate,... 

Sulfonation is important in the commercial production of an important class of detergents —the sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates ... 

Baker et al. [56] studied the viscosity of w/o ME systems containing water, xylene, sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, and hexanol using Equation (1). They reported values of the viscosity constant a of 3.3-6.0, which is above the theoretical value of 2.5 for a sphere with an increase in the surfactant concentration. This finding was attributed to the increase in the ratio of surfactant layer thickness to droplet core radius as the surfactant concentration was increased. However, deviation in values of the viscosity constant a from the solid-sphere theoretical value of 2.5 could also be attributed to changes in the droplet shape or symmetry [57],... 

The pickering system consists of water-insoluble inorganic solid particles and, mostly, an amphiphilic cosurfactant, also called an extender . Tertiary calcium phosphate (TCP) with an average diameter of about 0.2-0.4 xm is normally used as the inorganic powder. Sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate (ABS) is preferred as an extender [53]. 

R467 P. Mustarelli, The NMR Information on Phosphate Glasses A Review , Phosphorus Res. Bull., 1999,10, 25 R468 K. Nagashima and F. D. Blum, Adsorption and Dynamics of Sodium Alkylbenzenesulfonates on Alumina , Colloids Surf, A, 2001,176, 17 R469 M. Nakahara, N. Matubayasi, C. Wakai and Y. Tsujino, Structure and Dynamics of Water From Ambient to Supercritical , J. Mol. Liq., 2001,90, 75... 

B) (Anionics) Sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates [54] synthesized in the laboratory [56] and purified by recrystallization from distilled water [54] ... 

Zajac, J., Lindheimer, M., and Partyka, S., Interfacial properties of zirconium dioxide in aqueous solutions of sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates, Colloids Surf. A, 98, 197, 1995. 

The first commercially important heavy-duty liquid was introduced into the U.S. market in 1958. The product incorporated tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, which is more soluble than STPP. Even so, in the presence of a surfactant system of sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate and a mixture of alkanolamides the formulation could tolerate only 15 to 20% of tetrapotassium pyrophosphate. 

The comparison with surfactant associations is a relevant theme and Srinivas and Balasubramanian [52] have evaluated this difference by observing the surface tension of and solubilization by a series of sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates. Varying the alkyl chain length gives a range of compounds with properties changing from those of a hydrotrope to those of a traditional surfactant. The results were interpreted to indicate that the transition is gradual. 

The sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates are an important class of detergents. The original ones made by alkylating benzene with propylene tetramer did not biodegrade, resulting in foaming rivers, and such.268 The current linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (8.46) made from a-oleflns are biodegradable. 

The solubilities of sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates were found to decrease considerably wdth the length of the alkyl group. The surface tension showed a minimum-value for the dodecyl group, however. Naphthalene and phenol and its homologues are also alkylated to produce synthetic detergents which have excellent properties but are more expensive than detergents produced from benzene. 

The influence of the solvation shell on the viscosity data was also reported in a study on the system sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate (Na DBS)-hexanol-water-xylene. Here it was observed that the degree of solvation increased with increasing NaDBS/water ratio. This was attributed to the fact that with increasing ratio of surfactant layer thickness to droplet core the relative amount of bound solvent molecules increases, thereby increasing the hydro-dynamic volume of the droplets [58]. This shows that viscosity measurements are very sensitive to the state of solvation of colloidal particles and can be used to extract information about this property. 

A branched-chain sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate detergent molecule... 

Ion Exchangers. Ion exchangers, resin or zeolite, have been judged most advantageous for use against ammonia, concentrated sulphuric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium cyanide, cadmium chloride, oxalic acid, ethylene diamine, sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates, and phenol. They are sorbents for the ionic, most polar, and soluble solutes and complement polymeric sorbents for covalent nonmixers. 

The polymer resins sorb liquids or solutes like ethyl acetate, hexane, and ethylene diamine and dissolved solids like aldrin, sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates, and phenol. If sulponated, they exchange ions like cadmium more readily than the unsulphonated resin. Thus the macroreticular resins are more versatile than polyurethane foam, but not as universally so as activated carbons. 

Sodium Alkylbenzenesulfonates — (i) Chemical Designations — Synonyms Alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt Sulfonated alkylbenzene Chemical Formula , C H4SOjNa (ii) Observable... 

International Organization for Standardization, Surface active agents—technical straight-chain sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates—determination of mean relative molecular mass by GC, ISO 6841 1988. Geneva, Switzerland. 

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