Polymer Pigment Dispersant

The s mthesis of polymer pigment dispersant, a copol)rmer from phenoxyethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid, has been described in detail (21). 

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Uses Emollient for body lotions, eye and face creams, facial scrubs, moisture creams, hair pomades wetting agent for polymers pigment dispersant... 

Additives. Because of their versatility, imparted via chemical modification, the appHcations of ethyleneimine encompass the entire additive sector. The addition of PEI to PVC plastisols increases the adhesion of the coatings by selective adsorption at the substrate surface (410). PEI derivatives are also used as adhesion promoters in paper coating (411). The adducts formed from fatty alcohol epoxides and PEI are used as dispersants and emulsifiers (412). They are able to control the viscosity of dispersions, and thus faciHtate transport in pipe systems (413). Eatty acid derivatives of PEI are even able to control the viscosity of pigment dispersions (414). The high nitrogen content of PEIs has a flame-retardant effect. This property is used, in combination with phosphoms compounds, for providing wood panels (415), ceUulose (416), or polymer blends (417,418) with a flame-retardant finish. 

Functional derivatives of polyethylene, particularly poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acryLic acid) and derivatives, have received attention because of their water-solubility and disposal iato the aqueous environment. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is used ia a wide variety of appHcations, including textiles, paper, plastic films, etc, and poly(acryLic acid) is widely used ia detergents as a builder, a super-absorbent for diapers and feminine hygiene products, for water treatment, ia thickeners, as pigment dispersant, etc (see Vinyl polymers, vinyl alcohol polymers). 

Organic titanates perform three important functions for a variety of iadustrial appHcations. These are (/) catalysis, especially polyesterification and olefin polymerization (2) polymer cross-linking to enhance performance properties and (J) Surface modification for adhesion, lubricity, or pigment dispersion. 

There are numerous applications where the development of high viscosity is necessary in a finished product. For example, thickeners, mainly based on poly(acrylic acid), are used to give body to so-called emulsion paints. Emulsion paints are not formulated from true emulsions (Le. stable dispersions of organic liquids in water), but are prepared from latexes, that is, dispersions of polymer in water. Since latexes do not contain soluble polymers, they have a viscosity almost the same as pure water. As such, they would not sustain a pigment dispersion, but would allow it to settle they would also fail to flow out adequately when painted on to a surface. Inclusion of a thickener in the formulation gives a paint in which the pigment does not settle out and which can readily be applied by brush to a surface. 

Liquid raw materials such as polymer emulsions, defoamers, pigment dispersions, dye solutions, dispersing aids and emulsifiers are all products that can themselves become infected with micro-organisms if not produced from non-contaminated ingredients, under good manufacturing conditions and with an effective preservative. 

Poly(acrylic acid) is water soluble. Because of its water solubility and its ability to increase the viscosity of water, it is used as a thickener. It is also a good flocculent for sewage treatment and is added as a pigment dispersant in latex paints, and is used in binders and adhesives. Polymers and copolymers containing acrylic or/and methacrylic acid are manufactured at a rate of about 2,000,000 metric tons yearly. 

In addition to jetness, plastics pigmented with carbon blacks typically exhibit color undertones. Undertone in black plastics appears as a distinct blue or brown-to-orange undertone, depending on the particle size of the carbon black used. In general, in full-shade, black molded applications, fine-particle-size carbon blacks impart a bluer tone. This behavior reverses itself in tints. Large-particle-size carbon blacks impart bluer undertone. Note that the effects of fillers, polymers, and dispersion can alter the typical behavior described above. Tint strength is the relative ability of the carbon black to darken a resin colored with chromatic pigments. 

Acustom polymeric dispersant is an improvement—the polymer molecule is tailored to the pigment and to the application. There are dozens of patents from companies such as Canon, Epson, KAO, DIG, DuPont and others describing the synthesis and use of custom pigment dispersants for IJ. Some of them are very complex, involving such techniques as grafting and block co-polymerization. For example, some DuPont patents describe a dispersant based on a diblock co-polymer A-B or triblock co-polymer A-B-A where block B has an affinity for the pigment, whereas block A is responsible for colloidal stabilization. ... 

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