Polymer additives antimicrobials

BHA, BHT, PG, TBHQ and tocopherols) a variety of stationary phases, mobile phases and detectors can be used [711]. Common antibacterials such as carba-dox, thiamphenicol, furazolidone, oxolinic acid, sul-fadimethoxine, sulfaquinoxaline, nalidixic and piromidic acid can be analysed by GE-RPLC-UV (at 254 nm). Collaborative studies have been reported for the HPLC determination of the antimicrobial sodium benzoate in aqueous solutions [712], Plastics devices used for field collection of water samples may contain polymer additives (such as resorcinol monobenzoate, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone or bisphenol A) or cyanobac-terial microcystins [713],... 

A new class of antimicrobial polymers is described in which the microbiological activity is based on their special constitution, which comprises surface-located amino functional groups, and the three-dimensional stracture of the polymers. The antimicrobial efficacy is attributed only to the final polymer itself, not to leaching of low molec.wL additives or the initial monomers. The polymers are not soluble in water and do not leach from surfaces like low... 

The increasing occurrence of microbial and nosocomial infection has stimulated research activities into antimicrobial polymers and textiles [19, 25, 34]. Most medical textiles and polymeric materials used in hospitals are conductive to crosstransmission of diseases, as most microorganisms can survive on these materials for hours to several months [17, 26]. Thus, it would be advantageous for polymeric surfaces and textile materials to exhibit antibacterial properties so as to reduce and prevent disease transmission and cross-contamination within and from hospitals. N-halamines exhibit a similar antimicrobial potency to chlorine bleach, one of the most widely used disinfectants, but they are much more stable, less corrosive and have a considerably reduced tendency to generate halogenated hydrocarbons, making them attractive candidates for the production of antimicrobial polymeric materials. N-halamine compounds are currently used as antimicrobial additives to produce polymers with antimicrobial and biofilm-limiting activities. 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits very toxic fumes of SOx and NOx Uses Antimicrobial, mildewcide, biocide for water treatment, paints, plastics, latexes fungicide, wound protectant in fruit trees preservative for fabrics, leather fungicide, preservative for cosmetics, toiletries, skin care Trade Name Synonyms Acticide OTW [Thor UK http //www.thor.com, http //www.thor-chemicals.com], Koralone 500 [Rohm Haas http //www. rohmhaas. com, http //www.acusol.com], Micro-Chek 11 P [Ferro/Polymer Addit. http //www.ferro.com], Skane M-8 [Rohm Haas http //www. rohmhaas. com, http //WWW. acusol. com]... 

Micro-Check, Antimicrobials for PVC, Ferro Corp., Polymer Additives Div. 

The packaging material must not interact with the product either to adsorb substances from the product or to leach chemicals into the product. Plastics contain additives to enhance polymer performance. PVC may contain phthalate diester plasticizer, which can leach into infusion fluids from packaging. Antimicrobial preservatives such as phenylmercuric acetate are known to partition into rubbers and plastics during storage, thus reducing the formulation concentration below effective antimicrobial levels. 

Oxetanones ( -lactones) are useful synthetic intermediates which have been most often prepared by cyclization of p-halo or p-hydroxy acid derivatives or by addition of ketenes " to carbonyl compounds. They are starting materials for useful polymers and copolymers and have been used for the synthesis of alkenes and carboxylic acid derivatives. P-Lactones possessing antimicrobial activity have recently been found in bacterial cultures. ... 

Plastics Additives and Conq>ounding 3,No.l2, Dec. 2001,p.l6-8 ANTIMICROBIAL ADDITIVE SYSTEMS SEE INCREASED USE IN POLYMERS... 

The basic types of antinucrobial food packaging films are outlined and additives used in antimicrobial materials are discussed, with particular reference to potassium soibate, nisin, imazalil, allyl isothiocyanate and triclosan. The production of antimicrobial films by modification of the polymer chain itself is also mentioned and the natural antimicrobial activity of chitosan is considered. 17 refs. 

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