Polychlorinated biphenyls behavior

Polycyclic (also called polynuclear) aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are composed of multiple rings connected by shared carbon atoms (i.e., separate rings are combined by sharing two carbon atoms). All these compounds are pure hydrocarbons except for the two benzo-fluoranthenes, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 2-chloronaphthalene. Moore and Ramamoorthy110 review the behavior of PAHs in natural waters. 

The relationships between the molecular structure of environmental pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and their rate of biodegradation are still not well understood, though some empirical relationships have been established. Self-organizing maps (SOMs) have been used to rationalize the resistance of PCBs to biodegradation and to predict the susceptibility to degradation of those compounds for which experimental data are lacking.3 The same technique has been used to analyze the behavior of lipid bilayers, following a... 

Haque, R., Schmedding, D.W., and Freed. V.H. Aqueoussolubility. adsorption, and vapor behavior of polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1254, Environ. Sci. Technol, 8(2) 139-142. 1974. 

Pattern recognition studies on complex data from capillary gas chromatographic analyses were conducted with a series of microcomputer programs based on principal components (SIMCA-3B). Principal components sample score plots provide a means to assess sample similarity. The behavior of analytes in samples can be evaluated from variable loading plots derived from principal components calculations. A complex data set was derived from isomer specific polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBS) analyses of samples from laboratory and field studies. 

S. Safe and O. Hutzinger, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Photolysis of 2,4,6,2, 6 Hexachlorobiphenyl, Nature232 (1971) 641-42 O. Hutzinger et al., Polychlorinated Biphenyls Metabolic Behavior of Pure Isomers in Pigeons, Rats, and Brook Trout, Science 178 (1972) 512-14 O. Hutzinger et al., Identification of Metabolic Dechlorination of Highly Chlorinated Biphenyl in Rabbits, Nature 252 (1974) 698-99. 

Mackay, D., Shiu, W.Y. (1977) Aqueous solubility of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. J. Chem. Eng. Data 22, 399—402. Mackay, D., Shiu, W.Y, Billington, J.W., Haung, G.L. (1983) Physical chemical properties of polychlorinated biphenyls. In Physical Behavior of PCBs in the Great Lakes. Mackay, D., Paterson, S., Eisenreich, S.J., Simmons, M.S. Eds., pp. 59-69, Ann Arbor Sci. Publ., Ann Arbor, Michigan. 

Recently, metapopulation models have been successfully applied to assess the risks of contaminants to aquatic populations. A metapopulation model to extrapolate responses of the aquatic isopod Asellus aquaticus as observed in insecticide-stressed mesocosms to assess its recovery potential in drainage ditches, streams, and ponds is provided by van den Brink et al. (2007). They estimated realistic pyrethroid concentrations in these different types of aquatic ecosystems by means of exposure models used in the European legislation procedure for pesticides. It appeared that the rate of recovery of Asellus in pyrethroid-stressed drainage ditches was faster in the field than in the isolated mesocosms. However, the rate of recovery in drainage ditches was calculated to be lower than that in streams and ponds (van den Brink et al. 2007). In another study, the effects of flounder foraging behavior and habitat preferences on exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments were assessed by Linkov et al. (2002) using a tractable individual-based metapopulation model. In this study, the use of a spatially and temporally explicit model reduced the estimate of risk by an order of magnitude as compared with a nonspatial model (Linkov et al. 2002). 

Hutzinger, O. Nash, D.M. Safe, S. DeFreitas, A.S.W. Norstrom, R.J. Wildish, D.J. Zitko, V, Polychlorinated biphenyls Metabolic behavior of pure isomers in pigeons, rats, and brook trout Science 1978, 178, 312-314. 

C. S. Wong and A. W. Garrison, Enantiomer separation of polychlorinated biphenyl atropisomers and polychlorinated biphenyl retention behavior on modified cyclodextrin capillary gas chromatography columns, /. Chromatogr. A 866 213 (2000). 

See also Behavioral Toxicology Food Additives Lead Mercury Metals Methylmercury Pesticides Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Sick Building Syndrome. 

The biogeochemistry of organic pollutants in marine systems is of enormous economic and environmental Impact. The environmental behavior of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB s) has been studied rather extensively because of their detrimental effects on human health and on living marine resources (30-32). As discussed in the chapters by J.W. Farrington et, due to recent advances in gas capillary chromotographic methods, it is now possible to study the biogeochemistry of individual PCB s rather than that of combined industrial mixtures of PCB s (33-36). In order to realistically assess the risks to animal health, it is important to be able to work with individual PCB levels rather than with unresolved mixtures because individual PCB s can vary greatly in terms of toxicity (37). 

Holene E, Nafstad I, Skaare JU, et al. 1995. Behavioral effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to individual polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in rats. Environ Toxicol Chem 14(6) 967-976. 

Lilienthal H, Winneke G. 1991. Sensitive periods for behavioral toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls Determination by cross-fostering in rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol 17 368-375. 

Rosin DL, Martin BR. 1981. Neurochemical and behavioral effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in mice. Neurotoxicology 2 749-764. 

Pantaleoni G, Eanini D, Sponta AM, et al. 1988. Effects of maternal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on El generation behavior in the rat. Fund Appl Toxicol 11 440-449. 

Khadikar, P.V, Singh, S. and Shrivastava, A. (2002) Novel estimation of lipophilic behavior of polychlorinated biphenyl. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 12, 1125-1128. 

I have considered lead pollution in detail, but lead is not the only villain in the prenatal environment. Others include methyl-mercury polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) dioxins pesticides ionizing radiation and maternal use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine. These villains can cause a range of behavioral effects from severe mental retardation and disability to subtle changes in mental function that depend on the timing and dose of the chemical agent. Indeed, more than zoo industrial... 

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