Vaporization behavior

The equations given predict vapor behavior to high degrees of accuracy but tend to give poor results near and within the Hquid region. The compressibihty factor can be used to accurately determine gas volumes when used in conjunction with a virial expansion or an equation such as equation 53 (77). However, the prediction of saturated Hquid volume and density requires another technique. A correlation was found in 1958 between the critical compressibihty factor and reduced density, based on inert gases. From this correlation an equation for normal and polar substances was developed (78) ... 

The most important equilibrium pliase relationship is diat between liquid and vapor. Raoult s mid Henry s laws theoretically describe liquid-vapor behavior mid, mider certain conditions, are applicable in practice. Raoult s law, sometimes useful for mi.vtures of components of similar structure, states diat die partial pressure of any component in die vapor is equal to die product of the vapor pressure of the pure component and die mole fracdon of tliat component in die liquid. It may be written in die following maimer... 

This paper reviews data on certain thermodynamic aspects of the nonstoichiometric Pu-0 system, which may serve as a basis for use In reactor safety analysis. Emphasis Is placed on phase relationships, vaporization behavior, oxygen-potential measurements, and evaluation of pertinent thermodynamic quantities. Limited high temperature oxygen potential data obtained above the fluorite, diphasic, and sesquioxide phases In the Pu-0 system are presented. 

Kirby, D. B., and J. W. Westwater, 1965, Bubble and Vapor Behavior on a Heated Horizontal Plate during Pool Boiling Near Burnout, AIChEChem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser. 6/(57) 238 248. (2) Kirby, G. J., 1966, A Model for Correlating Burnout in Round Tubes, UK Rep. AEEW-R-511, UK AEEW, Winfrith, England. (5)... 

Haque, R., Schmedding, D.W., and Freed. V.H. Aqueoussolubility. adsorption, and vapor behavior of polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1254, Environ. Sci. Technol, 8(2) 139-142. 1974. 

Other material properties of importance in the high-temperature use of carbides and nitrides are vaporization behavior and solid-state diffusivity. 

Fries19 studied the vaporization behavior of 85% dense NbC hollow cylinders from 2260 to 2940 K using Langmuir s method. Table 3.7 summarizes Fries data. He found that the cumulative weight fraction loss (W) was well correlated with the average sample composition by the equation... 

Recently more sophisticated models have been developed for describing the steady state vaporization behavior of U Zr C,./-8 and U Nb C, y9 in high temperature, high pressure H2. The principal purpose of these studies was to assess the performance of these fuel systems in nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) applications using H2 propellant. Vaporization rates and melting temperatures may be the two primary processes that limit the operating temperature and lifetime of the structural and fissionable materials in NTP systems. When the atom fraction of U is <0.1, the... 

With this technique, problems may arise with interference, such as background absorption—the nonspecific attenuation of radiation at the analyte wavelength caused by matrix components. To compensate for background absorption, correction techniques such as a continuous light source (D2-lamp) or the Zeeman or Smith-Hieftje method should be used. Enhanced matrix removal due to matrix modification may reduce background absorption. Nonspectral interference occurs when components of the sample matrix alter the vaporization behavior of the particles that contain the analyte. To compensate for this kind of interference, the method of standard addition can be used. Enhanced matrix removal by matrix modification or the use of a L vov platform can also reduce nonspectral interferences. Hollow cathode lamps are used for As, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn single-element lamps are preferred, but multielement lamps may be used if no spectral interference occurs. 

Polynomial equations that are cubic in molar volume offer a compromise between generality and simplicity that is suitable to many purposes. Cubic equations are in fact the simplest equations capable of representing both liquid and vapor behavior. The first general cubic equation of state was proposed by J. D. van der Waalst in 1873 ... 

The vaporization behavior of the "Eastern" slag, in the composition range 24 to 21 wt.% K2O, is very different to that... 

Note that at T > 1400 K, the potassium pressures fall below those expected from KAIO2, but that the SO2, CO2, and H2O pressures are still relatively high. Apparently, at this stage, the K produced by sulfate and carbonate decomposition is retained in the bulk slag. After further heating, the sample was virtually depleted of Na, SO2, and CO2 H2O also continued to fall-off in pressure to a negligible level. Following this initial clean-up period, the sample showed a more no,rmal vaporization behavior and representative data are summarized in Table II. 

General Discussion. We have shown that for the vaporization of practical, multicomponent droplets, qualitatively different vaporization behavior results when extreme internal transport rates are assumed. Since diffusive transport is always present during the transient, it is the... 

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