Poly p-vinyl-pyridine

Other authors have used different polymers with backbones such as poly(ethylene-propylene) rubbers or polyethylene oxide) grafted or interpenetrated with poly (acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid), poly(p-vinyl pyridine), or poly (vinyl alcohol) (237). The immobilization protocol was not... 

Poly(p-n-butyl st5rrene) 279 Poly(p-vinyl pyridine) 415... 

PS-b-PHOS Polystyrene-btocfe-poly(p-hydroxystyrene) PS-g-P4VP Polystyrene-grfl/t-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) PS-g-PA6 Polystyrene-grfl/t-poly(polyamide 6) PS-g-PEO Polystyrene-grfl/t-poly(ethylene oxide) PS-g-PI Polystyrene-gra/t-polyisoprene PS-g-PSSNa Polystyrene-grfl/t-poly(sodium styrene sulfonate)... 

To understand the reasons for different predictions of different methods, Li et al. [83] measured the adhesion between a variety of polymers with well-controlled backbone chemistry These polymers include poly (4-methyl 1-pentene) [TPX], poly(vinyl cyclohexane) [PVCH], polystyrene [PS], poly(methyl methacrylate) [PMMA], and poly(2-vinyl pyridine) [PVP], poly(4-tert-butyl styrene) [PtBS], poly(acrylonitrile) [PAN], poly(p-phenyl styrene) [PPPS], poly(vinyl benzyl chloride) [PVCB]. It may be noted that, among the polymers listed above, TPX and PVCH are purely dispersive in nature. PS is predominantly dispersive with some dipole-induced dipole interactions. 

Tsou et al. (1996) prepared molecular composites by dispersing rigid-rod molecules of ioiucally-modified poly(p-phenylene terephtalamide) in a polar poly (4-vinyl pyridine) (PVP) matrix. The mechanical properties of the molecular composite were found to increase with concentratimi and to attain maximum values at about 5 wt% of the PPTA anion. When specific interactions are not present, as in composites with nmi-anionic PPTA, the properties are significantly reduced compared to those of the PPTA anion/PVP composites. 

PPy-p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate 9. PPy-tetraethylammonium toluenesulfonate 10. Ployanihne-NaHSO 11. Poly(3-methylthiophene-tetraethylammonium tetralluoroborate) methacrylate) 7. Poly(styrene-co-butadiene) 8. Poly(vinyl stearate) 9. Hydroxypropyl ceUulose to. Poly(butadiene) 11. Poly (vinyl butyral)-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate 12. Ethyl ceUulose 13. Poly(vinyl acetate) 14. Poly(4-vinyl pyridine) dibenzotetraazaannulene... 

The same series of reductants has been used to compare rates of reduction of the complexes c/j-[Co(en)2(A)Cl] + where A = py or PVP, the polymer poly-4-vinyl-pyridine. Complexes with degrees of polymerization (P/i) of 19 and 98 and degrees of co-ordination (x) = 0.3—0.7 were used. For the series, the rates were fairly well defined by the rate law (3)... 

During preparation of polyelectrolytes from poly(4-vinyl-pyridine) (P-4-VP) and alkyl halides, some puzzling phenomena were observed by Coleman and Fuoss. These authors found quaternization of pyridine, 4-picoline and 4-isopropylpyridine with n-butyl bromide in tetramethylene sulfone followed normal second-order kinetics. Similar results were reported by Hinshelwood and coworkersfor the reaction of pyridine and alkyl halides. However, on quaternization of poly(4-vinylpyridine) under the same conditions, they observed... 

Raman spectroscopy has been used in structural studies of a wide range of homopolymers and copolymers [109-122] including crystalline PE [123], polyaniline [124], polystyrene-co-p-(hexafluoro-2 hydroxyisopropyl)-alpha methyl styrene/polypropylene carbonate blends [125], PE [126], PP [126], polylactide [127], polyacrylonitrile [128], Nylon-6 - polyvinyl alcohol blends [129], poly(4-vinyl pyridine cupric salt complexes [130] and regenerated cellulose [131]. 

These include studies on reactions between polyacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid, and polyacrylic acid with poly(4-vinyl pyridine) and poly(2-vinyl pyridene) [6], polybithiophene [7], poljwinyl carbazole sulfonation products [8], P-hydroxybutyrate and P-hydroxyvalerate containing Biopol [9]. 

Ruotsalainen, T., Turku, J., Hiekkataipale, P. et al. (2007) Tailoring of the hierarchical structure within electrospun fibers due to supramolecular comb-coil block copolymers polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) plasticized by hydrogen bonded pentadecylphenol. Soft Matter, 3,978-985. 

Other recent applications of ToF-SIMS without XPS include the examination of PS [6, 17-19], polyethylene (PE) [20], carbon fibre reinforced epoxy resins [21], polyalkyl methacrylates [22], alkylketene dimers [23], perfluorinated polymers [24], perflnorinated ethers [25], polyethylene glycol (PEG) oligomers [15, 25-29], rubber [30], ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer [30], Nylon-6 [31], PC [32,33], PDMS [34], polypyrrole coated PS [35], poly-p-phenylene vinylene [36], butyl rubber [37], poly(4-vinyl phenol)/poly(4-vinyl pyridine blends) [38], polypyrrole-silica gel composites [39], y-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxy silane [40], triblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)- 3 poly(phenylene ethylene)- 3 poly(ethylene glycol) [41], ethylene-terephthalate-hydroxybenzoate copolymer [42], PS-polyvinyl methyl ether, polycarbonate - PS blends [43] and PDMS-urethane [44],... 

Stability and performance of AEM prepared using poly(4-vinyl pyridine-costyrene), quaternized with 1-bromooctane, and deposited on fibrous woven paper was unsatisfactory [189]. Sanchez and coauthors [190] discussed problems related to the use of certain AEMs. They pointed out that the so-called Hoffman degradation that involves attack of a hydroxyl on a-hydrogen in p-position to a quaternary ammonium attached to an aliphatic chain may cause its removal, followed by release of a tertiary amine and formation of a double bond at the end of a broken chain. Attachment of DABCO on short leash prevented chain break due to Hoffman degradation, but release of DABCO and generation of a double bond attached to the chain could take place. Perhaps thermal cross-linking by DABCO of poly(vinyl benzyl chloride) may solve this problem. Sulfonated polymers prepared by polymerization or copolymerization of phosphazene, siloxans, styrene, vinylidene fluoride, and various monomers with aromatic backbones, and possibly with aliphatic spacers, have been used. Various imides as well as PPS, PEK, PEEK, PSU, PEEKK, and PPSU can also be used [190,191]. 

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