Sulphones, poly

The presence of the either linkages is sufficient to allow the material to be melt processed, whilst the polymer retains many of the desirable characteristics of polyimides. As a consequence the material has gained rapid acceptance as a high-temperature engineering thermoplastics material competitive with the poly-sulphones, poly(phenylene sulphides) and polyketones. They exhibit the following key characteristics ... 

Material PP uPVC ABS Nylon 66 Polycarb. Acetal Poly- sulphone... 

The role of a second liquid phase in photochemical sulphoxidation of paraffins with SO2 and O2 mixtures may also be cited, where water is used to extract sulphonic acid to prevent formation of di- and poly-sulphonic acids (Fischer, 1978). 

Fig. 2. Correlation of experimental values of the Langmuir capacity parameter (Sq) for C02 at 35 °C with the glass transition temperature of the polymer25) [cf. Eq. (10)]. Pure polymers (PSF = a poly-sulphone 231 COP = a copolyester 26) remaining abbreviations as in the text). Miscible polymer blends O PPO-PS 65> O PC-COP 26>...

The antiplasticization phenomenon is presumably common to all the polymers exhibiting a relatively strong (5 transition, well separated from the a transition. It has been observed for both linear (PVC, polycarbonate, poly-sulphones) and network polymers (amine-crosslinked epoxies). For the case of thermosets, the phenomenon may be a consequence of both internal (change of the network structure) and external (incorporation of miscible additives) modifications of the structure or the composition but it always seems to be a consequence of the plasticization, as shown in Fig. 11.7. 

Aliphatic poly(disulfides) A, Aliphatic poly (carbonates) , Aliphatic poly(anhydrides) , Aliphatic poly (di-esters) , Aliphatic poly(sulphones) O, Poly(terephthaIates). (B) , Aliphatic poly(lactams) O, Aliphatic poly (di-amides) , Aliphatic poly(di-urethanes) A, Aliphatic poly(di-urea) , Aliphatic poly(terephthala-mides) , Polyfxylylene diamides) and Polyfphenylene diethylene diamides). 

The reaction just effected is in practice carried out on the largest scale in iron kettles to which stirring apparatus is attached. / -naph-thol as well as its numerous mono- and poly-sulphonic add derivatives obtained by treatment with sulphuric acid find extensive application for... 

Also membranes from other polymers, such as sulphonated poly-sulphone and polyphenylene oxide, were reported, but apparently they were not put into production. This also counts for the polybenzimidazole (PBI) introduced by the Celanese Research Company (17). 

Mechanical properties of the membranes were preliminarly tested and compared to those exhibited by cell-free poly-sulphone fibres. The Young modulus, E wet, and the ultimate properties of the membranes were estimated by a stress-strain analysis carried out on a Instrom Universal Tester. The average value of the Young modulus was found lower by a factor of about 2.5 relative to the average value of the cell-free fibres. 

Nanofiltrarion membranes were received from Fluid Systems in San Diego, USA (now Koch Membrane Systems). Thin film composite membranes were chosen due to their low fouling characteristics compared to poly sulphone membranes used in other studies. The CA-UF membrane is, as the name suggests, classed as a UF membrane and the material is cellulose acetate. However, it is treated as a NF membrane here as it is often used for similar applications according to the manufacturer, and also because it exhibits some salt rejection. Membrane characteristics as given from... 

Ivin, Keith and Mackle have determined the heats, A of some polymerization x eactions of this type, from measurements of the heats of combustion of liquid olefins and solid poly sulphones. These heats of polymerization have also been measured directly, using an isothermal calorimeter. In these cases the heat, AH, refers to the polymerization of a liquid mixture of sulj>hur dioxide and olefin to polymer dissolved in the reaction mixture, Ivin et have pointed out that AH2 will differ from A to a small extent depending on (i) the heat of mixing of the monomers, AH and (ii) the heat of solution of the polymer, A. They show the relationship between these quantities in a cycle, where M denotes olefin and N denotes sulphur dioxide. 

Gagnebien, D. Madec, P. J. Marechal, E. Synthesis of poly(sulphone-b-siloxane)s-II. Synthesis of poly(sulphone-b-siloxane) by reaction of a,CD-diphenol oligosulphones with a,( -die-poxy ohgosiloxanes. Fur. Polym. J., 1985, 21,289. 

In each polymer family containing one type of hydrophilic group, e.g. polyamides, poly sulphones, polyimides, epoxies, etc., the equilibrium water concentration increases non-linearly with the concentration of polar groups. A theory based on the hypothesis that water is doubly bonded was proposed to explain this trend (Tcharkhtchi et al., 2000 Gaudichet-Maurin et al., 2008). 

Zhang P, Qian JW, An QF, Du BY, Liu XQ, Zhao Q (2008) Influences of solution property and charge density on the self-assembly behavior of water-insoluble polyelectrolyte suUbnated poly(sulphone) sodium salts. Langmuir 24 2110-2117... 

AEM Poly-sulphone, Poly-styrene /vinyl Pall/Raipore R1030, Poly-ethylene, Poly-styrene/di vinyl... 

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