Poly styrene sulphonates

Diffusion of cyclohexa- and cyclohepta-amyloses has been studied in aqueous solutions of poly(methacrylic acid), sodium poly(styrene sulphonate) having three different degrees of sulphonation, and copoly (sty rene-methacrylic acid) containing three different amounts of styrene. A decrease of the diffusion coefficients of the cycloamyloses in these polymer solutions was found to be dependent on the polymer content, the degree of sulphonation, the styrene content, and the degree of neutralization. The results were interpreted by assuming a 1 1 complex formation between the cycloamylose and an appropriate residue in the polymer. 

An extensive study on anticorrosion properties of PANI, PPy and PEDOT used as additives was reported in [88]. Results indicate that the protection against corrosion imparted by the formulations modified by the addition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulphonate), PANI-ES and, especially, PANI-EB is significantly higher than that of the unmodified epoxy paint. Thus, results evidence that some CP compositions can inhibit the steel corrosion and, therefore, small concentrations of these materials would be used to replace conventional inorganic corrosion inhibitors currently used in primer paints. In Table 10.6, some examples of the... 

But a completely different picture is obtained if the charges are not in side chains, but reside in the main chain. On addition of poly(styrene sulphonate). 

Uragami, T., Nakamura, R., and Sugihara, M. 1983a. Transport of metal ions against their concentration gradients through water insoluble poly (styrene sulphonic acid) membrane. Polymer 24 559-564. 

Poly(styrene sulphonate) Sulphonate Charge-controllable membrane 1,3... 

A preliminary report (Snowden, M.J. and Vincent, B. J.C.S.Chem Comm, in press) describing the flocculation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) latices by the addition of simple electrolyte and non adsorbing poly(styrene sulphonate) illustrated the reversibility of the flocculation of microgel particles under the influence of temperature. It is the objective of this paper to expand on these initial results and to demonstrate the effect of different electrolytes and polymers on particle stability and also to indicate the effect of the polydispersity of the polymer samples on the dispersions. 

In the presence of poly(styrene sulphonate) at 40 C the particles flocculate as a consequence of depletion forces operative in the system. It is believed that the polymer does not adsorb onto the particles from water at neutral pH as both species have negative charges. Other hard sphere colloids have been reported to undergo similar depletion flocculation processes with poly(styrene sulphonate) (2,6) under similar conditions but at a fixed temperature. The flocculated latex on cooling down to 25 C redisperses, as a consequence of the particles swelling with solvent and then undergoing conformational rearrangments. The soft nature of the particles at 25 C... 

Figure 3. A plot of d log absorbance/d log wavelength for a 0.1% dispersion of poly (NIP AM) at increasing concentrations of poly(styrene sulphonate) at 25 and 40°C in water at pH7 and in O.Olmol dm 3 NaCl.

As carboxymethyl cellulose is also unlikely to adsorb onto the particle surface due to its negative charge, flocculation is also believed to be as a result of depletion forces. Other negatively charged particles have been shown to undergo depletion flocculation in water with carboxymethyl cellulose at similar concentrations (2). The decrease in the CFC of carboxymethyl cellulose in the electrolyte solution is consistent with that observed with poly(styrene sulphonate) and was not unexpected. 

The poly(styrene sulphonate) (PSS), which is a hydrophiUc dispersant polymer coupled with the PEDOT polymer to improve its conductivity (Louwet et al., 2003). 

Moderate Poly(styrene sulphonate)/poly(vinyl... 

Shamon and Fernandes [146] have reported that use of sulphate free poly (styrene sulphonic acid) PSSA as an electrolyte to yield a water soluble poly aniline containing at least 25 C6H4NH units. The evaporation of this aqueous solution yields emerald solid with green metallic lustre. However, on addition of acids like HCl, H2SO4 or their salts in this aqueous solution causes the precipitation of emeraldine salt, suggesting that PSSA is loosely bound to polyaniline. 

Field flow techniques have been reviewed in a number of articles [148-150]. Sedimentation field flow fractionation has found use in the separation of PVC [151, 152], polystyrene [151-153], poly(methyl methacrylate) [153, 154], poly (vinyl toluene) [155] and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) latexes [156] to produce particle-size distributions and particle densities. It has also been applied in polymer-aggregation studies [157], pigment [157] quality control and in the separation of silica particles [158] and its performance has been compared with that of ultracentrifugation [159]. Thermal field flow fractionation has been used successfully in the characterisation of ultra-high-molecular-weight polystyrenes [160, 161], poly(methyl methacrylate), polyisoprene, polysulphane, polycarbonate, nitrocellulose, polybutadiene and polyolefins [162]. In the difficult area of water-soluble polymers, poly(ethylene glycol), poly(ethylene oxide), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly(styrene sulphonate) have been analysed [163, 164]. In addition, compositional separations have been achieved for polystyrene-poly(methyl methacrylate) mixes [165] and comparisons between TFFF and SEC have been made [166]. 

The chemistry of sucrose has been reviewed. The Maillard reaction of reducing sugars with twenty amino-acids was faster for pentoses than for either hexoses or disaccharides. The reaction was catalysed by organic acids at pH 5—6. Sodium poly(styrene sulphonate) at concentrations of 10 —10 mol 1 inhibited... 

Poli and Schure" used capillery electrophoresis to fractionate poly(styrene sulphonates) over a wide molecular weight range. The technique was superior to size exclusion chromatography in terms of resolution, efficiency and fractionating power. 

Poly(styrene sulphonic acid) and its sodium salt)... 

Wong KW, Yip HL, Luo Y, Wong KY, Lau WM, Low KH, Chow HF, Gao ZQ, Yeung WL, Chang CC (2002) Blocking reactions between indium-tin oxide and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulphonate) with a self-assembly monolayer. Appl Phys Lett 80 2788-2790... 

Jordan, D. O., Kurucsev, T., Martin, M. L, Comparative physical chemical Study of isotactic and atactic poly (styrene sulphonic acid) solutions. Part 1. Electrochemical measurements using cells with and without liquid junction. Trans. Faraday Soc. 65, 598 (1969). 

---