PLUMBING APPLICATION

Plictran Plioflex Plot plan PLP-DPG-PLP Plug valves Plumbic acetate Plumbing applications PlumbopaHadimte Plumbostanmte Plumbous acetate Plume containment Plummer s disease Plums... 

Nitrile (Buna-N) is a rubber compound popular in most household plumbing applications. It s a basic plumbers o-ring seal, and handles most household liquids and chemicals. Because industry pumps so much water, this elastomer may be the single most popular o-ring seeondary seal in the world. Its service range is from -30° F to +250° F (-34° C. to +120 C). 

Selenium has also been shown to act syneigistically with bismuth to improve the machinability of brasses (113). The machining properties are similar to those of the leaded brasses used in plumbing applications. Environmental concerns arising from the leaching of lead brasses necessitates a replacement of the lead. 

The properties of a polymer can be altered dramatically by adding low molecular weight diluents such as plasticizers (Figure 10-69). PVC, for example, is a rigid glassy solid at room temperature. In this form, it is used for pipes in plumbing applications. However, if you have ever owned a cheap car you are no doubt familiar with vinyl seats, which at least when the car is new are flexible. These are also made out of PVC, but in this case the polymer has been mixed with a diluent that lowers its T and thus makes it much... 

Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals and has low thermal conductivity. Since bismuth expands upon solidification, it is used to make castings for objects subjected to high temperatures. It is used as a replacement for lead in solders, shot for hunting, fishing sinkers, ceramic glazes, and brasses for plumbing applications. It is also used as a carrier for (an isotope of uranium) fuel in atomic reactors. Ionic compounds of bismuth are used in cosmetics and medicine. 

The introduction of self-extinguishing, glass-reinforced, and structural foam grades has led to steady increase in the use of these materials in five main application areas. These are (1) the automotive industry (2) the electrical industry (3) radio and television (4) business machines and computer housings and (5) pumps and other plumbing applications. 

Super-tough poly(sulfone)s can be produced by blending PES with acrylate rubber and a polycarbonate as an impact modifier. From this high impact strength composition, films and molded articles are useful in automotive applications, durable goods and appliances, medical and plumbing applications where resistance to hot, humid environments may be particularly important, and safety equipment and protective gear. 

It has been found that blends of a poly(biphenyl ether sulfone) and a second poly(arylene ether sulfone) based on bisphenol A are most suitable for plumbing applications. The blend has an outstanding resistance to hot... 

Because of heterogeneity in chlorination, a range of Tg values is often encounterd or observes a broad Tg transition for a given percent chlorine. The important commercial implication of the T g rise upon chlorination is that the polymer can be used in higher temperature applications. Practically, this means that PVC is limited in pipe/plumbing applications to cold water service, whereas CPVC is successfully used for hot water plastic plumbing supply. 

Polyacetals are used increasingly for electronic, appliance, automotive, industrial, plumbing, construction, pneumatic, and consumer products. They are used for plumbing applications in hot water above 82.2°C (180°F) and in hot air applications above 107°C (225°F). The copolymer has higher continuous-use temperatures in both water and air, and 30% carbon fiber-reinforced polyacetals are molded into bearings, cams, and gears. 

Thermoplastics Pipe (Plumbing Applications) Plastics Pipe Fittings Association, 999 North Main Street, Glen EUyn, IL 60137... 

Acetyl thermoplastics are made using formaldehyde resins and offer high impact and durability. They continue to find increased use in automotive and plumbing applications including molded parts, gears and pump housings. 

Sulfone polymers have gradually replaced brass and acetal for fittings for hot water applications over the past 15 years. Sulfone polymers have low shrinkage, can be injection-molded to close tolerances, and exhibit excellent creep resistance under load and at higher temperatures typical of hot water service conditions. Combined wifli their excellent resistance to oxidation and to chlorine and chlorinated chemicals in hot water, these characteristics have facilitated their acceptance in plumbing applications. Poly-etheretherketone (PEEK) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) polymers have been introduced for oil and gas production piping applications for both onshore and offshore use. 

One of the competing uses for copper is its use as a very effective conductor of electricity for wiring. This means that copper is a necessity in all aspects of electrical and electronic applications, from automobiles to computers to washing machines to vacuum cleaners. Copper wire is electrically insulated with rubber to make low- and medium-voltage cable. Also, copper is used in plumbing applications. 

Of recent interest are disinfectants that are used to kill bacteria in water. Some investigators have reported chemicals such as chlorine and chloramines to be detrimental to some plastics used in plumbing applications. 

The properties of chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) of this type are in the main similar to those of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride). (See Table 4.1 for some comparative properties.) The most significant result of chlorination is the elevation of softening point, as a result of which the maximum service temperature is about 100°C compared to about 65°C for unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride). Chlorination also leads to a deterioration in heat stability and an increase in melt viscosity and thus chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) is rather more difficult to process nevertheless, the material can be satisfactorily extruded and injeetion moulded. The major application for chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) is in plumbing applications, particularly hot and cold water distribution and hot, corrosive effluent handling. 

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