Platinum electrodeposition

Hardness of the aimealed metals covers a wide range. Rhodium (up to 40%), iridium (up to 30%), and mthenium (up to 10%) are often used to harden platinum and palladium whose intrinsic hardness and tensile strength are too low for many intended appHcations. Many of the properties of rhodium and indium. Group 9 metals, are intermediate between those of Group 8 and Group 10. The mechanical and many other properties of the PGMs depend on the physical form, history, and purity of a particular metal sample. For example, electrodeposited platinum is much harder than wrought metal. 

Plyasova LM, Molina lY, Gavrilov AN, Cherepanova SV, Cherstiouk OV, Rudina NA, Savinova ER, Tsirlina GA. 2006. Electrodeposited platinum revisited tuning nanostructure via the deposition potential. Electrochim Acta 51 4477-4488. 

M. S. El-Deab, and T. Ohsaka, Electrocatalysis by nanoparticles Oxygen reduction on gold nanoparticles-electrodeposited platinum electrodes, J. Electroanal. Chem. 553, 107-115 (2003). 

Catalysis and LB Catalysis by electrodeposited platinum in an LB film on a glassy carbon electrode were investigated (Birdi, 1999). 

The similarity of the shape of the voltammetric curves of platinized system to those reported for electrodes treated by the fast repetitive potential perturbation technique or obtained by annealing electrodeposited platinum and the appearance of signs characteristic for stepped surfaces allows us to assume that these phenomena should be ascribed to the similarities in the surface structure. 

Metallic NPs are most widely used in catalytic applications due to their inherent properties. Several examples of platinum and gold NPs are apparent in the literature. For example, electrodeposited platinum NPs on porous carbon substrates exhibit electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of methanol.60 In another example, gold NPs catalyze the electrochemical oxidation of nitric oxide on modified electrodes.61 In general, catalytic NPs provide two distinct functions enhancing an electrochemical reaction and/or increasing electron transfer to an electrode. 

Only three of the metals, rhodium, palladium and platinum, need be considered. Of these only rhodium plating is of significant commercial importance, but the relatively low cost of palladium has made it attractive for contacts and printed circuits. Electrodeposited platinum is harder than the annealed bulk metal and finds applications in jewellery, the plating of scientific instruments, standard weights and parts of electrical apparatus. 

From libraries of pulsed electrodeposited platinum (Pt) doped WO3, whereby a new means of creating nanoparticles has been developed. The nanoparticles show high activity for methanol oxidation without the poisoning problems of Pt... 

C.H. Yang and T.C. Wen, Electrodeposited platinum microparticles in a sulfobnate-polyani-line film for the electrosorption of metahnol and sorbitol, Electrochim. Acta, 44, 207-218 (1998). 

L. M. Huang, W. R. Tang, and T.C. Wen, Spatially electrodeposited platinum in polyaniline doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid) for methanol oxidation, J. Power Sources, 164, 519-526 (2007). 

Zhang L, Fang Z, Zhao GC, Wei XW (2008) Electrodeposited platinum nanoparticles on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes and its electrocatalytic for nitric oxide. Int J Electrochem Sci 3 746-754... 

Hogarth M, Munk J, Shukla A, Hamnett A. Performance of carbon-cloth bonnd porous-carbon electrodes containing an electrodeposited platinum catalyst towards the electrooxidation of methanol in sulphuric acid electrol5de. J Appl Electrochem 1994 24 85-8. 

Saminathana K, Kamavaram V, Veedu V, and Kannan A M (2009), Preparation and evaluation of electrodeposited platinum nanoparticles on in situ carbon nanotubes grown carbon paper for proton exchange membrane fuel cells , Int J. Hydrogen En., 34, 3838-3844. DOI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.009. 

If the platinum electrode is galvanostatically platinized so as to possess a much larger active surface than smooth platinum substrate, the morphology of the vol-tammetric processes is dramatically changed. Thus, for a relatively thick film of electrodeposited platinum (with, for example, an average thickness equal to... 

Napolskii, K.S., Barczuk, P.J., Vassiliev, S.Y., Veresov, A.G., Tsirlina, G.A. and Kulesza, P.J. (2007) Templating of electrodeposited platinum group metals as a tool to control catalytic activity. Electrochimica Acta, 52, 7910. 

Lee, I., Chan, K.Y. and Phillips, D.L (1998) Growth of electrodeposited platinum nanocrystals studied by atomic force microscopy. Applied Surface Science, 136, 321. 

Zhong C, Hu WB, Cheng YF (2011) On the essential role of current density in electrocatalytic activity of the electrodeposited platinum for oxidation of ammonia. J Power Sources 196 8064—8072... 

---