Poly ethylene dichloride

Chlorine cannot be stored economically or moved long distances. International movements of bulk chlorine are more or less limited to movements between Canada and the United States. In 1987, chlorine moved in the form of derivatives was 3.3 million metric tons or approximately 10% of total consumption (3). Exports of ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride monomer, poly(vinyl chloride), propylene oxide, and chlorinated solvents comprise the majority of world chlorine movement. Countries or areas with a chlorine surplus exported in the form of derivatives include Western Europe, Bra2il, USA, Saudi Arabia, and Canada. Countries with a chlorine deficit are Taiwan, Korea, Indonesia, Vene2uela, South Africa, Thailand and Japan (3). 

The leading derivative of ethylene dichloride is vinyl chloride [75-01-4] monomer (VCM), which is subsequently used to produce poly(vinyl chloride) and chloriaated hydrocarbons. Viayl chloride is obtaiaed by dehydrochloriaatioa of ethyleae dichloride ia the gas phase (500—600°C and 2.5—3.5 MPa). 

The solubility of commercial poly(methyl methacrylate) is consistent with that expected of an amorphous thermoplastic with a solubility parameter of about 18.8 MPa. Solvents include ethyl acetate (8 = 18.6), ethylene dichloride (8 = 20.0), trichloroethylene (8 = 19), chloroform (8 = 19) and toluene (8 = 20), all in units ofMPa. Difficulties may, however, occur in dissolving cast poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet because of its high molecular weight. 

Phenyllithium, 2259 Phenylsodium, 2287 Phosphoryl dichloride isocyanate, 0327 Phthalic anhydride, 2899 2-Piperidone, 1934 Platinum diarsenide, 0107 Poly(butadiyne), 1386 Poly(carbon monofluoride), 0337 Poly(ethylene terephthalate), 3262 Poly(selenium nitride), 4730... 

World-wide consumption of PVC [poly(vinyl chloride)] has increased dramatically in the past few years. It has now exceeded 8 billion lbs annually. The production of VCM (vinyl chloride monomer) has also been expanded to meet the PVC demand. Future trends for VCM and PVC pro-ductions for the next five years can be forecast on the basis of the raw materials sources, the different process techniques in manufacturing VCM and PVC, and their relative economics, technical merits, and limitations. VCM will be produced principally through the ethylene route by fluid-bed oxyhydrochlorination of ethylene and thermal cracking of ethylene dichloride. PVC will be produced by various processes resulting in more specialized PVC varieties tailored for specific end markets and new processing technologies. 

The polymers had molecular weights of several million, but were completely soluble in water and some organic solvents such as chloroform, acetonitrile, ethylene dichloride and acetic acid. The water solubility results apparently from strong hydrogen bonding between solvent and ether groups but appears to be peculiar to the polyethylene oxides for it is not observed with polyformaldehyde, polyacetaldehyde or poly-... 

Poly([7,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)tetracyclo [4.2.0.02 8.05 7]octane-3,4-diyl]-1,2-ethenediyl), 3457 Poly[borane(l)], 0134 crs-Poly (butadiene), 1480 Poly(l,3-butadiene peroxide), 1528 Poly(butadiyne), 1382 Poly(carbon monofluoride), 0336 Poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene), 0589 Poly(l,3-cyclohexadiene peroxide), 2380 Poly(cyclopentadienyltitanium dichloride), 1837 Poly(diazidophosphazene), 4781 Poly(dibromosilylene), 0282 Poly(difluorosilylene), 4324 Poly(dihydroxydioxodisilane), 4474 Poly(dimercuryimmonium acetylide), 0665 Poly(dimercuryimmonium azide), 4606 Poly(dimercuryimmonium bromate), 0253 Poly (dimercury immonium iodide hydrate), 4449 Poly (dimercury immonium perchlorate), 4006 Poly(dimercuryimmonium permanganate), 4603 Poly (dime thylketene peroxide), see Poly(peroxyisobutyrolactone), 1531 Poly(dimethylsiloxane), 0918 Poly(disilicon nitride), 4752 Poly(ethenyl nitrate), see Poly(vinyl nitrate), 0760 Poly(ethylene), 0778 Poly(ethylene terephthalate), 3256 Poly(ethylidene peroxide), 0831 Poly(furan-2,5-diyl), 1398 Poly(germanium dihydride), 4409 Poly(germanium monohydride), 4407 Poly(isobutene), 1578 Poly(methyl methacrylate peroxide), 1913... 

Figure 9.13(b) shows the use of pervaporation to dry a chlorinated solvent, in this case water-saturated ethylene dichloride containing 2000 ppm water. A poly(vinyl alcohol) dehydration membrane can easily produce a residue containing less than 10 ppm water and a permeate containing about 50 wt% water. On condensation the permeate vapor separates into two phases, a very small water... 

Poly-y-benzyl-7-glutamate, M = 300,000 (1 g of solid or 25 mL of 2.5 weight percent solution) ethylene dichloride-dichloroacetic acid solvent (76 volume percent DCA) stored in polyethylene bottle wash acetone. The polypeptide can be obtained from Sigma Chemical Co., P.O. Eox 14508, St. Louis, MO 63178. Check the current Chem. Sources for other suppliers. 

Poly-y-benzyl -n-glutamate -635 Ethylene dichloride 0 Hydrazine... 

Perhaps the most striking evidence for the existence of helices in solution has been obtained from electron microscopy of poly-y-benzyl-L-glutamate and poly-L-glutamic acid (Hall and Doty, 1958). Micrographs of these polymers sprayed onto mica from solutions in which their helical properties are established, ethylene dichloride and water at pH 4.5, respectively, clearly show rods with diameters roughly those of a-helices and lengths of the same order as those expected for a-helices from molecular weight measurements in solution. The random coils of these polymers reveal no structure whatsoever upon similar visualization. 

Fig. 11. Comparison of theoretical curves, which describe the thermal helix-coil transition of a polypeptide system as a function of chain length, with experimental points obtained for poly-->-benzyl-i,-glutamate polymers of varying degrees of polymerization, n. In this solvent mixture, ethylene dichloride and dichloroacetic acid, the helical form, characterized by the more positive rotations, is stable at higher temperatures. The manner in which increased length sharpens the transition, both in theory and in actuality, is here clearly illustrated. For comparative purposes, Tc is defined as the temperature at the mid-point of the transition for the sample of highest molecular weight. (Zimm et al., 1959.)...

The base-catalyzed additions of glyoxal to formamide and methanesulfonamide afforded 1,4-diformyl- (895, 1663) and l,4-bis(methylsulfonyl) derivatives (895) of 2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxypiperazines, respectively, in addition to the corresponding A iV -disubstituted 1,2-diamino-l, 2-ethanediols (895). Salts of 2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-piperazine-l,4-disulfonic acid were similarly prepared by the addition of aqueous glyoxal to sulfamic acid in the presence of base (1664). Ethylene dichloride with hydrazine in ethanol gave ethylene dihydrazine, 1,4-diaminopiperazine, and poly(ethylenehydrazine) (1665). 

Gas exposure times to furnace temperatures are kept short by a direct spray of ethylene dichloride at ambient temperatures onto the exit gases and by an indirect heat exchanger. Hydrogen chloride may be recovered by scrubbing with water, or by some form of fractionation if it is to be fed in anhydrous form to an oxychlorination unit. Many vinyl chloride producers operate an oxychlorination unit solely to convert the by-product hydrogen chloride from the ethylene dichloride cracker to produce additional ethylene dichloride feedstock. Vinyl chloride (b.p. —13.4°C) is almost entirely consumed for the production of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). 

POLY(ETHYLENEIMINE) or POLY-ETHYLENEIMINE or POLYETHYLENE POLYAMINES (26913-06-4) Combustible liquid (flash point 207°F/98°C). Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, strong acids. Incompatible with organic anhydrides, acrylates, alcohols, aldehydes, alkylene oxides, substituted allyls, cellulose nitrate, cresols, caprolactam solution, chlorine oxyfluoride, epichlorohydrin, ethylene dichloride, isocyanates, ketones, glycols, nitrates, phenols, vinyl acetate. Exothermic decomposition with maleic anhydride. Increases the explosive sensitivity of nitromethane. Attacks aluminum, copper, magnesium, zinc, and other nonferrous metals. 

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