Drugs uses polymers

Given our ability to enhance the physicochemical behavior of this immunosuppressive drug using polymer-based formulation systems, we anticipate an alleviation of select adverse effects using disparate pharmaceutical dosage formulation strategies. 

See also Dyes Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, US Polymers. 

Aristech Chemical Corporation, See Sunoco Chemicals Unit of Smioco hic. (US), 217 Arizona Chemical, 217 Arizona Department of Agriculture, 290 Arizona Department of Eiivkonmental Quality, 290 Arizona Industrial Commission, 290 Arizona Poison and Drug hiforniation Center, 311 Arkansas Department of Eiivironmental Quality, 290 Arkansas Poison and Drug Infomiation Center, 311 Arkansas State Plant Board, 290 Aniienian National Academy of Sciences, 255 Armour Polymers Ltd., 168 Arris Intemational Corporation, 218 Arsenic acid, 19... 

ExxonMobil Chemical Company, On-line properties analysis of a molten polymer by Raman spectroscopy for control of a mixing device. Inventors D.G. Marrow, D.A. Yahn, and T.R. Veariel. 20 pp. (inch 10 fig.). Appl. 22 Jul 2005. Int. Cl. GOIJ 3/44 GOIN 21/65. US Patent Application Publication 2007/0019190 Al 105. V.S. Tumuluri, M.S. Kemper, I.R. Lewis, S. Prodduturi, S. Majumdar, B.A. Avery and M.A. Repka, Off-line and on-line measurements of drug-loaded hot-melt extruded films using Raman spectroscopy, Int. J. Pharm., 357, 77-84 (2008). 

PLA is a non-volatile, odourless polymer and is classified as GRAS (generally recognised as safe) by the US Food and Drug Administration. 

EnPol from Korea s IRe Chemicals are based on a group of aliphatic co-polyesters comprising adipic acid, succinic acid, 1,2-ethanediol or 1,4-butanediol. EnPol polymers meet the specifications of the US Food Drug Administration for food contact applications and the USP specifications for medical device applications. 

The costs of these latter development activities and the possible failure of processes, formulations or APIs at these stages have serious financial implications for any organization. Whilst the expenditure on developing new catalysts and new polymers can cost many hundreds of millions of dollars, in pharmaceuticals the total R D cost for a single drug is now approaching US 1 billion. 

Cheng, J. Davis, M.E. Khin, K.T. Cyclodextrin-Based Polymers for Therapeutics Delivery. US Patent 20040077595 Al, Apr 22, 2004 Insert Therapeutics, Inc. Pasadena, CA. Allemann, E. Gurny, R. Doelker, E. Drug-loaded nanoparticles—preparation methods and drug targeting issues. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 1993, 39, 173-191. 

In a recent US patent, Ziegast described a series of polyanhydrides (of the formula shown below) which are useful for controlled drug delivery of drugs [55]. These polymers have a similar structure to the polymers synthesized by Conix (Table 1) [11, 12], but with different chain structures between the two aromatic rings. The polymers were soluble in chlorinated hydrocarbons with a Tg ranging from 6 to about 90 °C. The in vitro degradation in phosphate buffer of these polymers is about 100 days with a lag time of up to 30 days for some polymers [55]. If these homopolymers are implanted in animals, they will produce large diacid monomers which have to be eliminated from the body. 

For various reasons, almost constant drug release has been observed by some authors and kinetics controlled by the swelling of the polymer have been postulated many times as an explanation. The author [15] has, in fact, proved theoretically that anomalous water transport - a necessary criteria for a non-Fickian solute release - is doubtful with these materials. Let us consider the... 

The principles of chemistry have been modified over time and are still evolving. At the dawn of human experience, our ancestors survived through knowledge acquired by trial and error which types of stone were hard enough to shape others, which plants were edible, and so forth. Today, the science of chemistry, with its powerful quantitative theories, helps us understand the essential nature of materials to make better use of them and create new ones specialized drugs, advanced composites, synthetic polymers, and countless other new materials (Figure 1.4, on the next page). 

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