Poly bone cement

Poly(methyl methacrylate) Hard and soft contact lenses, bone cement for artificial joints, intraocnlar lenses, dentnres... 

This cement also has a low setting exotherm, lower than any other aqueous dental cement (Crisp, Jennings Wilson, 1978), which means that it can be mixed swiftly as there is no need to dissipate heat. This property also gives it an advantage over bone cements based on modified poly(methyl methacrylate) which have high exotherms. 

The bone cement used in these studies was a two-component system. The liquid component [9.75 mL methyl methacrylate (MMA) 0.25 mL A,A-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) 75 mg/kg hydroquinone] was mixed with a solid component [3.0 g poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) 15.0 g MMA-styrene copolymer benzoyl peroxide, mass fraction 2% 2.0 g BaSOJ to form the cement. Dissolution of the solid component proceeded simultaneously with polymerization once the cement was mixed. 

Domb, A. J., Manor, N., Elmalak, O. (1996). Biodegradable bone cement compositions based on acrylate and epoxide terminated poly(propylene fumarate) oligomers and calcium salt compositions. Biomaterials, 77,411-417. 

Another example of composites in biomedical applications is graphite-fiber-reinforced bone cement. Self-curing poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, is used extensively as a bone cement in orthopedic surgery for fixation of endoprostheses... 

The use of such an ethylene/acrylate copolymer provides a number of advantages. The ethylene portion of the copolymer is particularly well suited for adhering to the PE of the first polymer layer during fusion of the first polymer layer and the second polymer layer to one another. Further, the acrylate portion of the copolymer is particularly well suited for adhesion to bone cement, such as bone cement that includes poly(methyl methacrylate). Thus, using such a copolymer in the construction provides for ease of implantation in regard to a bearing designed for cement fixation. 

Orthopedic Joint replacements (hip, knee) Bone plate for fracture fixation Bone cement Bony defect repair Artificial tendon and ligament Titanium, Ti-Al-V alloy, stainless steel, polyethylene Stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloy Poly(methyl methacrylate) Hydroxyapatite Teflon, Dacron ... 

Plastic-metal combinations are now used in most knee prostheses. The knee prosthesis and numerous variations of this style utilize metal runners attached to the bottom of the femur that ride on HDPE tracks that are cemented on the tibia. The two parts of this prosthesis are each cemented into the bones with poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement and are maintained in the proper relative positions to each other largely through the cartilage, tendons, and ligaments of the knee region. The spherocentric knee prosthesis is a more complicated device that involves a ball-in-socket arrangement similar to the Charney hip prosthesis. This device also utilizes a metal ball in a HDPE socket (1, 42). 

Our approach has been to synthesize the dleplsulflde resin corresponding to the normal blsphenol A type dlepoxlde resins. A polyamide type curing agent (Versamlde 140) was used because of our particular Interest In orthopedic adhesives, l.e. "bone cement". Some of the properties were therefore tailored to be optimum near body temperature. We have found very little prior literature on dleplsulflde resins. As prepared, the dleplsulflde resin analog of DGEBA Is a crystalline solid which must be heated above Its melting temperature for reaction. Charlesworth (2) has reported mechanical relaxation behavior of epoxy-episulfide poly-... 

Khang, G., Kang, Y.H., Park, J.B., and Lee, H.B, 1996d. Improved bonding strength of poly-ethylene/polymethylmetacrylate bone cement — a preliminary study, Bio-Med. Mater. Eng, 6 335-344. 

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) PALACOS , OSTEOPAL Merck Intraocular lens, bone cements... 

Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF)-based bone cement... 

Kim, H. Y. Yasuda, H. K. (1999) Improvement of fatigue properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement by means of plasma surface treatment of fillers. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 48, 135-142. 

Peter, S. J., Kim, P., Yasko, A. W., Yaszemski, M. J. Mikos, A. G. (1999) Crosslinking characteristics of an injectable poly(propylene fumarate)/beta-tricalcium phosphate paste and mechanical properties of the crosslinked composite for use as a biodegradable bone cement. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 44, 314-321. 

Topoleski, L. D. T., Ducheyne, P. Cuckler, J. M. (1995) The effects of centrifugation and titanium fiber reinforcement on fatigue failure mechanisms in poly(methyl methacrylate) bone-cement. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 29, 299-307. 

Several eoneems have arisen for thermally activated systems in dmg delivery applieations. Burst release oeeurs in the time between injection and full curing of the Uquid preeursor materials (Hatefi and Amsden 2002). The use of free radical initiators may be undesirable for several reasons. Some of these reactions, such as in clinically used poly(methyl methaerylate) bone cement, can... 

Schnieders, J., Gbureck, U., Thull, R., Kissel, T. 2006. Controlled release of gentamicin from calcium phosphate-poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) composite bone cement. Biomaterials 27(23), 4239-4249. 

Vallo Cl, Montemartini PE, Cuadrado TR. Effect of residual monomer content on some properties of a poly(methyl methacrylate)-based bone cement. J Appl Polym Sci 1998 69 ... 

Orthopaedic surgeons must fill defects created by trauma, removal of cancerous tumors, or abnormal development. Bone replacement and fixation are also issues for plastic surgeons in craniofacial procedures, hand and foot deformities, and extremity injuries. Though poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is currently in use to address these problems, it in nonbiodegradable, remaining in... 

Frazier, D.D., Lathi, V.K., Gerhart, T.N., Altobelli, D.E. and Hayes, W.C. (1995) In-Vivo Degradation of a Poly(Propylene-Fumarate) Biodegradable Particulate Composite Bone Cement. In Polymers in Medicine and Pharmacy, Mikos A.G., Leorig K.W., Yaszemski M.J., Tamada J.A., Radoinsky M.L., eds., 394, Pittsburgh Materials Research Society, 15-19. 

Medicine. For years, dentures, dental fillings, and denture bases have been made using methacrylic ester polymers (129,130) (see DENTAL Materials). These polymers can also be used to prevent tooth decay in natural teeth by serving as a barrier which can be coated over the surface of the tooth. The dimensional behavior of these bone-cement composites has been reported (131) as has the structure of the cold-cured acrylic resin (132). Both hard and soft contact lenses have been made using polymethacrylates (133,134). hHYDROGELS (qv) comprising poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) are used in soft contact lenses (135,136). 

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