Titanium fiber

Titanium Fibers Boron (coated) Silicon carbide... 

X-ray photograph of a hip joint, a rectangular piece of foam ceramics, a round glass reinforced with titanium fibers and a ring made of metal and ceramics (picture by J Bormans). 

Titanium fibers Barium sulfate Processing aids... 

Titanium metal is lightweight and has high strength thus, it is used in aircraft and other structures where cost is not a major factor. It also resists corrosion, making it especially useful in surgical implants and prostheses. Titanium fibers are used as an asbestos substitute. Titanium s most widely used compound, titanium dioxide, is used as a white pigment in paints and plastics and as a food additive to whiten flour, dairy products, and candies. It is also used in cosmetics and sunscreen formulations. 

Typical fillers aluminum hydroxide, silica, titanium dioxide, glass fiber, mica, barium sulfate, titanium fiber, nickel, aluminum... 

Typical concentration range generally - 20-30 wt% carbon black - 5-30 wt% glass powder in bone cement - 30-80 wt% titanium fiber - 1.5%, aluminum or nickel for conductive applications - 20 vol%... 

The durability of cemented joint replacements depends on the properties of PMMA bone cement. A titanium fiber was used to reinforce the cement. Before the cement was applied it was centrifuged to remove entrapped air which would cause voids in the connection. The treatment also improved the ductility of the cement. Similar processes are used in many plastic industries to improve elastic properties. 

Topoleski, L.D.T., Ducheyne, R, and Cackler, J.M. 1992. The fracture toughness of titanium fiber reinforced bone cement,/. Biomed. Mater. Res., 26,1599-1617. 

Topoleski, L. D. T., Ducheyne, P. Cuckler, J. M. (1995) The effects of centrifugation and titanium fiber reinforcement on fatigue failure mechanisms in poly(methyl methacrylate) bone-cement. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 29, 299-307. 

Additives used in final products Fillers aluminum, barium sulfote, aluminum hydroxide, glass fiber, mica, montmorillonite, Ni-BaTi03, nickel, silica, titanium dioxide, titanium fiber Plasticizers di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 4-cyanophenyl 4-heptylbenzo-ate Antistatics copper dimethacrylate, glycerol monolaureate, indium tin oxide, lauramide diethanolamide, polyaniline, polypyrrole Antiblocking crosslinked siloxane particles Release magnesium stearate, methylpolysilsiquioxane, silicon nitride, stearic add Slip emcamide, slip ... 

Titanium fiber reinforced bioactive glass Zirconia reinforced A-W glass-ceramic Calcium phosphate particle reinforced polyethylene Calcium phosphate fiber and particle reinforced bone cement... 

Before use, the titanium fiber gas diffusion layer (GDL) was placed into a boiling solution of oxalic acid (obtained from Sigma-Aldrich 20.0 g mixed with 200.0mL deionized water) for 7min, removed and rinsed with deionized water, and then dried. The carbon cloth GDL (Techimat, Lydall Corporation) was used as is. 

MEAs tested so far, had established that use of Ft/C catalysts on the anode reduced the performance of the SPE electrolyzer. In addition flow rate had been optimized, trends with temperature were observed, the effect of using alternative proton conducting membrane on SPE performance, and a suitable carbon-based GDL had been demonstrated. The use of a titanium fiber based GDL was identified as an option to optimize SPE performance via judicious selection of material components that make up the system. MEA 42 was assembled using a proton conducting membrane from GEEC (GEEC 117), commercial iridium oxide catalyst on the anode and titanium fibers GDL on both anode and cathode side. In contrast, MEA 51 was made with a homemade iridium oxide catalyst on the anode, Bekinit GDL on the anode and... 

Holtorf, H., Jansen, J., and Mikos, A. 2005. Ectopic bone formation in rat marrow stromal cell/titanium fiber mesh scaffold constructs Effect of initial cell phenotype. Biomaterials 26 6208-16. 

---