Pollution PAHs

Thomas, W., A. Ruhling, and H. Simon. 1984. Accumulation of airborne pollutants (PAH, chlorinated hydrocarbons, heavy metals) in various plant species and humus. Environ. Pollut. 36A 295-310. 

Keywords. Organic pollutants, PAHs, PCBs, Aqueous-solid phase environment, QSAR, QSPR, multicomponent joint effect, Modeling... 

Williamson, K.S. Petty, J.D. Huckins, J.N. Lebo, J.A. Kaiser, E.M. 2002, Sequestration of priority pollutant PAHs from sediment pore water employing semipermeable membrane devices. Chemosphere 49 717-729. 

Many contributions regarding silica monolithic columns were published by the group of Tanaka [93,189,196]. In their early work, they reported on the successful separation of alkyl benzenes, which are representative for the separation of many low-molecular-weight compounds, containing aromatic groups. Tanaka et al. also combined a conventional column in the first dimension with a silica rod column for the fractionation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons [197]. The successful separation of the 16 EPA priority pollutants PAHs was carried out by Nunez et al. [93] and is shown in Eigure 1.15. 

FIGURE1.15 Separation of the 16 EPA priority pollutants PAHs with ODS column using an acetonitrile water 70 30 (v/v) solution as mobile phase. Thiourea was used as standard. Detection performed at 254 nm and 30°C. PAHs 1, naphthalene 2, acenaphtylene 3, fluorene 4, acenaphthene 5, phenanthrene 6, anthracene 7, fluoranthene 8, pyrene 9, chrysene 10, benz(a)anthracene 11, benzo(fc)fluoranthene 12, benzo(l )fluoranthene 13, benzo(a)pyrene 14, dibenz(a,/i)anthracene 15, indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene and 16, benzo(g,/j,/)perylene). (Reprinted from Nunez, O. et al., J. Chromatogr. A, 1175, 7, 2007. Copyright 2007, with permission from Elsevier.)... 

Williams R, Meares J, Brooks L, et al. 1994. Priority pollutant PAH analysis of incinerator emission particles using HPLC and optimized fluorescence. Int J Environ Anal Chem 54(4) 299- 314. 

Case Study Quick Turnaround Analysis of PAHs by HPLC in Multimedia Samples This case study describes quick turnaround HPLC methodologies for the analysis of 16 priority pollutant PAHs in multimedia samples such as contaminated soil, air particulate matter, used engine oil, and... 

While biodegradation of PAHs in soil may be enhanced using bioremediation procedures, not all techniques are equally effective at reducing toxicity. In a study of PAH-contaminated soil from the Reilly Tar Superfund Site in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, although total EPA priority pollutant PAH... 

Williamson, K. S., Petty, J. D., Huckins, J. N., Lebo, J. A., and Kaiser, E. M., HPLC-PFD determination of priority pollutant PAHs in water, sediment, and semipermeable membrane devices, Chemosphere, 49, 703-715, 2002. 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of organic micropollutants containing two or more condensed rings. Apart from those cases associated with oil pollution, PAHs are produced mainly by anthropogenic combustion and are typically found in the environment as complex mixtures. However, not all components exhibited the same level of toxicity, and congener-specific determination has again become mandatory. 

Potrykus J, Albalat A, Pempkowiak J, Porte C (2003) Content and pattern of organic pollutants (PAHs, PCBs and DDT) in blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus) from the southern Baltic sea. Oceanologia 45 337-355... 

Studies involving bile salts in EKC separations include (i) determination of i -triazines and quats in well water samples (ii) separation of the 16 priority pollutant PAHs for inspection in ambient air samples (iii) characterization of the electrophoretic behavior of 56 aromatic compounds (phenoxy acid herbicides, phenylalkanoic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, aromatic sulfonic acids, azo and other dyes, and nitrogen-containing aromatic acids) for further assessment of extraction and sample clean-up procedures using spiked water and soils and (iv) recovery of synthetic dyes from spiked water and soil matrices. Another interesting application of MEKC with diverse bile salts is the prediction of ecotoxicity of aromatic compounds. ... 

Table 3.2 shows the results and lists the ASE conditions for this study. Nearly 100% recoveries are reported together with good precision (% RSDs < 7% for six replicate ASEs) for these 10 priority pollutant PAHs. 

Fig. 4.57. Analog signals from both detectors are sent through an A/D converter to a central PC workstation that uses Turbochrom (P-E Nelson) to acquire the data and to generate the chromatograms. The peaks in both chromatograms of Fig. 4.56 are due to the injection of a multicomponent standard of the 16 priority pollutant PAHs. They elute in the order shown in Table 4.17.

Figure 4.56 Comparison of RP-HPLC chromatograms for the separation and detection of a 1-ppm reference standard containing the 16 priority pollutant PAHs between an UV absorbance and fluorescence HPLC detector.

The method detection limit using an UV absorption detector for some of the 16 priority pollutant PAHs could be improved if a different detector could be used. Explain. 

Thanks to the versatility of the Raman spectroscopy, nanoparticles AgNP(25) were used also to detect other policyclic aromatic pollutants (PAHs), like benzo [cjphenanthrene, triphenylene, and coronene [67]. In this case, selectivity is not as important as in other sensors, because the pollutant molecule can be in principle identified by its Raman spectrum. The affinity constants and the limits of detection of PAHs were also determined. In 2012, Coleman and co-workers developed a method to determine the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of cationic surfactants exploiting the SPB of a series of sulfonato calix [njarene-capped AgNPs [68]. The nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing AgNOs with sodium borohydride in aqueous solution in the presence of the sulfonate calix[n]arene derivatives 24, 26 and 27 (see Fig. 35.15) and characterized by TEM, DLS and UV-visible spectroscopy. Suspensions of the... 

Recognition of the low probability of a single priority pollutant PAH (except naphthalene) ever reaching high enough concentrations to cause problems prompted EPA to withdraw the individual PAH criteria and rethink their approach. 

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