Pollen antigen

SEHON, L.Z. MOHAPATRA, S.S. (1992) Induction of IgE antibodies in mice with recombinant grass pollen antigens. Immunology, 76, 158-163. 

The evolution of blue oxidases from the small blue proteins clearly shows the transition from protein to enzyme, a result of the development of new and the recombination of existing copper centers. That these copper centers are essential for the enzymes function is demonstrated by the fact that related proteins which have lost their copper centers no longer show enzymatic properties. Only the surface structures of these proteins, i. e., the coagulation factors CF5 and CF8 as well as the pollen antigen Ra3, are required for their function. The evolution of this class of proteins (small blue proteins, pollen antigens, blue oxidases, and coagulation factors) is clearly a result of the evolution of their copperbinding centers. 

Lodoxamide (0.1 mg via aerosol) protected against grass pollen antigen in asthmatics. The chromone derivative (28) (FPL 58668) given via aerosol inhibited Ascarls-lnduced bronchoconstriction and the concomitant increase in plasma histamine levels in laboratory-bred monkeys. The pyrimidine (29) (BL 5255) inhibited mediator release... 

Kalow W, Gunn DR (1957) The relation between dose of succinylcholine and duration of apnoea in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 120 203-214 Lichtenstein LM, Osier AG (1964) Studies on the mechanisms of hypersensitivity phenomena, IX. Histamine release from human leucocytes by ragweed pollen antigen. J Exp Med 120 507-530... 

Estone 17-jS-Estradiol Ethinyl estradiol Diethyl stilbestrol Ragweed pollen antigens Hay fever pollen antigens Dust antigen Milk antigen... 

Halmepuro L, Lowenstein H (1985) Immunological investigation of possible structural similarities between pollen antigens and antigens in apple, carrot and celery tuber. Allergy 40 264-272... 

An allergen is usually an inert substance (e.g. pollen, house dust mite faeces) that in some individuals can trigger the generation of an (inappropriate) antigenic response. Mediated by TH2 lymphocytes, it causes B-Lymphocytes to produce lgE. Subsequent exposure of a sensitized individual to the allergen is therefore able to cross-link IgE antibodies on the surface of mast cells and trigger an immune response and histamine release. 

Figure 10. Tissue specific expression of p-subunit proteins in floral tissues. Stage 3 (fully opened) flowers were collected, dissected and cell wall proteins (5 pgm) from the indicated organs isolated and analyzed for p-subunit antigen. Note the high level of expression in stigma/style and anthers/pollen and restriction of the larger antigen to stigma/style tissues. PGl lane, 1 gg of purified fruit PGl protein.

King TP, Kochoumian L and Lichtenstein LM (1977) Preparation and immunochemical properties of methoxypolyethylene glycol-coupled and N-car-boxymethylated derivatives of ragweed pollen allergen, antigen E. Arch Biochem Biophysl78, 442-450. 

It is unclear why certain foreign proteins can also stimulate the B-cells to secrete IgE antibodies, to result in allergy or hypersensitivity. The terms are used interchangeably, although the latter is usually restricted to milder forms of the response. The term anaphylaxis is used to describe the severe response (Box 17.4). Both reactions arise in genetically susceptible individuals and they are precipitated by exposure to environmental antigens such as pollen, some organic compounds, tobacco smoke, animal hairs or even components of some common foods such as milk and cereals. 

Type I IgE-mediated acute allergic reactions to stings, pollens, and drugs, including anaphylaxis, urticaria, and angioedema. IgE is fixed to tissue mast cells and blood basophils, and after interaction with antigen the cells release potent mediators. 

ANTIGEN. A substance, usually a protein, a polysaccharide, or a lipoid, which when introduced into the body stimulates the production of antibodies. Bacteria, their toxins, red blood corpuscles, tissue extracts, pollens, dust, and many other substances may act as antigens. See Antibody. 

Wiedermann U, Jahn-Schmid B, Bohle B, Repa A, Renz H, Kraft D, Ebner C Suppression of antigen-specific T and B cell responses by intranasal or oral administration of recombinant Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, in a murine model of type I allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999 103 1202-1210. 

The initial process of antigen resorption has thus been relatively well understood for almost a century however, the metabolic and/or immunological fate of large particles is a topic of more recent studies and the metabolic breakdown of Lycopodium spores and pollen of cultivated ryegrass only a few hours following resorption was first reported in 1974 [14], Figures 1-3 illustrate the degradation process of Lycopodium spores. 

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