Plot layout

Each site should consist of two plots, as a minumum, one treated per formulation and one untreated. The untreated plot should be positioned upslope (if applicable) and upwind (at application) at least 100 ft from the treated plots to reduce the potential for contamination due to drift. All plots should be uniquely 

This author recommends a minimum plot size of 4 rows x 200 ft for each treated plot. Foliar sampling would occur on the middle two rows with a 10-ft buffer on each end. Soil sampling would occur on each side of the middle two rows with a 10-ft buffer on each end. The 180-ft rows should be divided into 60-ft replicates designated as A, B, and C. The untreated plot should be 2 rows x 50 ft. For tree crops, 3 rows x 14 trees should be treated. The middle row should be sampled excluding the first and last trees. 

The treated plots and control area should be managed according to agricultural practice in the area. Fertilization should be made according to normal agricultural practice and documented as to when and how applied include rate and composition. Soil preparation and other cultural practices must be noted. 

In this study the control plot was located upwind from the treated plot, considering the prevailing wind at the site. The distance between the control plot and the treated plot should be 1000 ft 100 ft is the recommended minimum. The control plot was 200 X 20 ft and four rows wide with a 10-ft buffer at each end of the sampling plot. 

Sprayers should be calibrated prior to each application. If, at the time of application, the wind is blowing in the direction from the treated plot to the control plot, then wait until the direction changes to prevent contamination of the control plot. Applications should occur within 1 h of mixing. Check weather forecasts to determine if wind or rain could be a problem. Airblast sprayers must be adjusted to spray through the target crop and cover the top of trees. Research sprayers often do not have the power for this job. 

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Each of the five main steps in field conduct (site selection, test plot layout, test substance application, sample collection, and sample storage/handling) is addressed below. 

Set up a plot layout similar to the example given in Fig. 4.17. Load the C spectrum of glucose D NMRDATA GLUCOSE 1D C GC 001999.1R, check its calibration and perform a peak picking. From the Output pull-down menu choose the Page Layout option and set the Left Limit and Right Limit to 100 ppm and 10 ppm, the Offset to 1 cm and MaxY to 14cm. 

Click the Output Font... button and define the output fonts for and the style according to your preferences. Note that this influcences only the fonts in the Spectrum window (peak picking values, scale (ppm/Hz) values), but not the fonts for the title and parameter windows of the plot layout. The latter fonts may be set with the Preview option (4.7.3). 

To illustrate the Separate Plot layout for a series of spectra load the same series of spectra making sure that the reference spectrum is the main trace in the File Param. dialog box. Click on the Separate button to initialize the multiple display which consists of 7 equal windows each containing a single spectrum with its own x-axis. 

Adjust the vertical scale and the vertical offset for the main trace spectrum to obtain the best display of the signals for the ring protons. Click on the File Param. button and set the plot limits to 6.0 ppm and 3.5 ppm. Click on both the F1/F2 for all and the Y for all buttons to transfer the plotting information from the reference spectrum to the other six spectra. Click on the OK button to close the dialog box. Do not click on the Return button as this will lose all the Separate Plot plotting parameters that have just been set. From the Output pull-down menu choose the Page Layout option and select the same parameters, options, colors, fonts and the printer setup as used in the multiple display above. Use the Preview option for a final inspection before plotting this Separate Plot layout. 

To prepare a plot layout the corresponding spectrum must first be displayed on the... 

Finally, the preparation of the plot layout is determined by the problem under investigation, the type of experiment performed and your own preferences. Suitable expansions for both ID and 2D spectra not only simplify the analysis, but make signal assignments and the evaluation of small coupling constants more reliable. 

The demonstration plot of the experimental site should be constructed to evaluate the effectiveness of phytoremediation. The field activities consist of site mobilization, plot layout an construction, and soil sampling combined with other agricultural practices designed secifically for phytoremediation and adapted for the conditions present at the site. The activities has to be conducted in accodance with the personal protective equipment, level of protection, action levels and other health and safety practices, i.e. hazard analysis general safety reccomendations evaluation of the mechanical, electrical, fire hazards, gas and power lines, heat stress, noise, chemical hazards. 

OPUS offers various plot layouts saved in the directory OPUSDEMO Scripts. Find out for yourself which template best meets your needs. 

Using the plot layout Scripts A4 structure.PLE it is also possible to plot the chemical structure of the sample, which of course must be available. An example is depicted in Fig. 13.7. 

You can use Quick Print to plot the contents of an OPUS view without specifying a template. In this case the plot layout default.PLE will be used. 

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