Platinum naming

When dissolved in sulphuric acid, platinic sulphate is reduced by oxalic acid, yielding a complex sulphate of trivalent platinum, namely, Pt2(0H)6.(S03)4.(0H)2.8-5H20. This yields well-defined triclinic prisms which gradually lose water when dried over sulphuric acid under reduced pressure, yielding a stable complex, Pt203.(S03)3.H2S04.4H20. This acid is dibasic, and yields crystalline potassium, sodium, and barium salts.1... 

L. Ruthenia, Russia) Berzelius and Osann in 1827 examined the residues left after dissolving crude platinum from the Ural mountains in aqua regia. While Berzelius found no unusual metals, Osann thought he found three new metals, one of which he named ruthenium. In 1844 Klaus, generally recognized as the discoverer, showed that Osann s ruthenium oxide was very impure and that it contained a new metal. Klaus obtained 6 g of ruthenium from the portion of crude platinum that is insoluble in aqua regia. 

L. iris, rainbow) Tennant discovered iridium in 1803 in the residue left when crude platinum is dissolved by aqua regia. The name iridium is appropriate because its salts are highly colored. 

The anode and cathode chambers are separated by a cation-permeable fluoropolymer-based membrane (see Membrane technology). Platinum-electroplated high surface area electrodes sold under the trade name of TySAR (Olin) (85,86) were used as the anode the cathode was formed from a two-layer HasteUoy (Cabot Corp.) C-22-mesh stmcture having a fine outer 60-mesh stmcture supported on a coarse inner mesh layer welded to a backplate. The cell voltage was 3.3 V at 8 kA/m, resulting ia a 40% current efficiency. The steady-state perchloric acid concentration was about 21% by weight. 

The electrolyte is a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer, commercially available under the trade name of Nafion . It is in the form of a membrane about 0.17 mm (0.007 in) thick, and the electrodes are bonded directly onto the surface. The elec trodes contain veiy finely divided platinum or platinum alloys supported on carbon powder or fibers. The bipolar plates are made of graphite or metal. 

Attempts to classify carbides according to structure or bond type meet the same difficulties as were encountered with hydrides (p. 64) and borides (p. 145) and for the same reasons. The general trends in properties of the three groups of compounds are, however, broadly similar, being most polar (ionic) for the electropositive metals, most covalent (molecular) for the electronegative non-metals and somewhat complex (interstitial) for the elements in the centre of the d block. There are also several elements with poorly characterized, unstable, or non-existent carbides, namely the later transition elements (Groups 11 and 12), the platinum metals, and the post transition-metal elements in Group 13. 

In 1803, in the course of his study of platinum, Wollaston isolated and identified palladium from the mother liquor remaining after platinum had been precipitated as (NH4)2PtCl6 from its solution in aqua regia. He named it after the newly discovered asteroid, Pallas, itself named after the Greek goddess of wisdom (ytaXXd iov, palladion, of Pallas). 

LEED, namely one with a, c(2x2) and one with a, p(2x2) superstructure. They are compatible with CusPt and CusPta layers. The first atomic layer was in both cases found by means of photoemission of adsorbed xenon to be pure copper. Details of the experimental work can be found in ref. 9 and 10. A schematic view of both structures can be seen in figure 1. Both consist of alternating layers of pure copper and of mixed composition. In the CuaPt case, the second and all other evenly numbered layers have equal numbers of copper and platinum atoms, whereas in the CusPta case the evenly numbered layers consist of thrice as many platinum as copper atoms. 

Rhodium was discovered in 1803 by the eminent Norfolk scientist W.H. Wollaston he dissolved platinum metal concentrates in aqua regia and found that on removing platinum and palladium he was left with a red solution. From this he obtained the salt Na3RhCl6, which yielded the metal on reduction with hydrogen. The rose-red colour (Greek rhodon) of many rhodium salts gave the element its name. 

Palladium and platinum are the longest known and most studied of the six platinum metals [1-11], a reflection of their abundance and consequent availability. Platinum occurs naturally as the element, generally with small amounts of the other platinum metals. It was used as a silver substitute by Colombian Indians and first observed there by Ulloa (1736), who called it platina del Pinto ( little silver of the Pinto river ) but the first sample was actually brought to Europe in 1741 by Charles Wood, Assay Master of Jamaica. Palladium was isolated in 1803 by W.H. Wollaston, who was studying the aqua regia-soluble portion of platinum ores (he announced his discovery by an anonymous leaflet advertising its sale through a shop in Soho) and named it after the newly discovered asteroid Pallas [12],... 

X 16.101 cis-Platin is an anticancer drug with a structure jQ that can be viewed on the Web site, (a) What is the formula and systematic name for the compound cis-jf Platin (b) Draw any isomers that are possible for this compound. Label any isomers that are optically active, (c) What is the coordination geometry of the platinum atom ... 

Recently it was demonstrated that a platinum black-PTFE electrode, originally designed for a fuel cell, is excellent for the chlorination of double bonds and, depending on the other electrolysis conditions, it was possible to isolate the dichlorocompound or the chlorohydrin (Danger and Yurchak, 1970). Moreover, if a chlorine cathode is used, the overall process occurs with a net output of energy, i.e. the cell may do external work and the procedure has been named electrogenerative chlorination . 

Metallation and oxymetallation reactions have been observed with the salts of only a few metals, namely mercury(II) (66, 67), thallium(III) (66,67), lead(IV) (66, 67), palladium(II) (100), gold(III) (63), and platinum-(II) (29). These facts correlate well with what Chatt (1) has termed class b, and Pearson (130) has called "soft acid character. Soft acids are characterized by low charge, large size, and, often, d electrons in their outer shell. No class b metal is known, in fact, which contains fewer than five d... 

Six of the transition metals—Ru, Os, Rh, Ir, Pd, and Pt—are known as the platinum metals. The group is named for the most familiar and most abundant of the six. These elements are usually found mingled together in ore deposits, and they share many common features. Although they are rare (total annual production is only about 200 tons), the platinum metals play important roles in modem society. 

Determine the molecular formulas, name these compounds, and draw the structures of the platinum complexes. 

Specific types of consumable electrode are designated in terms of the constituent material (e.g., as a silver electrode ). Nonconsumable electrodes are designated either in terms of the electrode material or in terms of the chief component in the electrode reaction for instance, the terms platinum electrode and hydrogen electrode are used for electrode (1.27). Neither of these names completely describes the special features of this electrode. 

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