Plate fabrication

The market for fused siUca started ia 1906 with the sale of siUca muffles and pipes. That same year resulted ia the iacorporatioa of the Thermal Syadicate Ltd. Siace that time, worldwide sale of vitreous siUca material and fabricated products has continued to grow. The sales of vitreous siUca iagots, tubes, rods, plates, fabricated products, photomask blanks, cmcibles, and optics was estimated to be between 800 million to 1 biUion ia 1995. These figures do aot, however, take iato accouat the optical waveguide market based oa fused siUca technology. 

FIG. 18-111 Circiilar-plate fabricated-metal filter press. Star Systems Filtration Division.)... 

We start with synthetic organic polymers. Since about 1930, a variety of synthetic polymers have been made available by the chemical industry. The monomer units are joined together either by addition (Section 23.1) or by condensation (Section 23.2). They are used to make cups, plates, fabrics, automobile tires, and even artificial hearts. 

In this study, we developed microchannel PrOx reactor to control CO outlet concentrations less than 10 ppm from methanol steam reformer for PEMFC applications. The reactor was developed based on our previous studies on methanol steam reformer [5] and the basic technologies on microchaimel reactor including design of microchaimel plate, fabrication process and catalyst coating method were applied to the present PrOx reactor. The fabricated PrOx reactor was tested and evaluated on its CO removal performance. 

Section 5.2.2 include composites and metals. From a cost reduction point of view, it is estimated, according to the cost model, that the cost percentage of the plate in a stack can be reduced from -60 to 15-29% if the graphite plate were replaced by the composite plate or metal plate [15]. However, many uncertain factors are involved in the estimation. The progress and major challenges in development of bipolar plates fabricated by these candidate materials will be introduced in the following parf of this section. 

The carbon/carbon bipolar plate fabricated by U.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. (Besmann, T. M. et al. In U.S. National Laboratory R D Meeting, http //www.pnl.gov/microcats/ott-review/ottmeeting/14-Besman.pdf (accessed Dec. 2008).)... 

The first device integrated a microstructured multichannel plate fabricated by micro-injection molding from a two-component liquid silicon rubber material (Silopren LSR 4070) with an appropriately interfaced and temperature-controlled housing, as shown in Figure 3.1a. 

Wayne B Geyer, P.E. Executive Vice President, Steel Tank Institute and Steel Plate Fabricators Association Registered Professional Engineer (Atmospheric Tanks)... 

Fig. 13.1 Ink-jet nozzle plate fabricated by through-mask electrochemical micromachining, Schematic of the concept top), and a photograph showing an array of nozzles bottom) [23]...

Vapor of organic Plasma generation --------------------- Deposition on plate, fabric... 

Estimates for a plant operating under conditions applying to column 4 of Table IV, but with very much simpler piping and control arrangements, would be possible only if plant operational data over a much greater time had been available. It would be premature to present an estimate at this stage, particularly as the question of plate fabrication has not been satisfactorily resolved. 

Reprinted by permission of AiSi, Committee of Steel Plate Producers and Steel Plate Fabricators Association, Inc. from Steel Plate Engineering Data, Volume 2... 

Steel Plate Fabricators Association, 3158 Des Planes Avenue, Des Planes, IL 60018... 

One side of each plate would be die-embossed, or milled, to provide appropriate flow channels, leaving behind fins or ribs that would provide enhanced heat transfer as well as mechanical connection by a reaction bond to the smooth side of the next plate. Typical flow-channel geometries are shown in Fig. 5.1. For the green C/C material, milling can be performed readily with standard numerically controlled milling machines, as shown in Fig. 5.2. Alternatively, plates can be molded with the flow channels, as has been demonstrated for C/C composite plates fabricated at ORNL for fuel cells (shown in Fig. 5.3). As shown in Fig, 5.1, the channels for the molten salt would have a smaller cross-sectional area than those for the helium because of the much higher volumetric heat capacity of the molten salt. 

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) (XL30 PHILIPS) was used to characterize the surface morphology of deposits. The wavelength-dispersive X-ray (WDX) analysis( 3PC, Microspec Ltd., USA) was used to exist metallic particles over surface Cu-Ni-P alloy plated fabrics. 

Fabric bending rigidity is a fabric flexural behavior that is important for evaluating the handling of the fabric. The bending rigidity of the untreated cotton and Cu-Ni-P plated fabrics is shown in Table 2. 

TABLE 2 Bending rigidity of the untreated and Cu-Ni-P-plated fabrics... 

The results of elongation at break were 12.5% increase in warp direction and 7.8% increase in weft direction, indicating that the Cu-Ni-P plated fabric encountered little change when compared with the untreated fabric. This confirmed that with the metallizing treatment, the specimens plated with metal particles was demonstrated a higher frictional force of fibers. In addition, the deposited metal particles which developed a linkage force to hamper the movement caused by the applied load. 

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