Economic environment

Once the economic analysis has been completed, the project should be analyzed for unexpected as well as expected impacts on the economics. This is usually done through a set of what if calculations that test the project s sensitivity to missed estimates and changing economic environment. As a minimum, the DCF rate of return should be calculated for 10% variations in capital, operating expenses, and sales volume and priee. 

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is one of the most extensively recycled polymeric materials. In 1995, 3.5 x 104 tons of PET were recycled in Europe.1 The main reason for the widespread recycling of PET is its extensive use in plastic packaging applications, especially in the beverage industry as plastic bottles. The consistency in terms of volume and availability of postconsumer bottles from sorting facilities and its high material scrap value create an excellent economic environment for PET recycling. 

Over the past 30 years, the world food production has grown faster than the population, the major basis of consumption. The world food production increased at an annual rate of 2.4% (grain production increased at 2.7%), while the world population increase is now less than 2% (9). Research and improved technologies have contributed to an increase in food availability, which will continue if an appropriate political, social, and economic environment exists. The world population, now at 5.5 billion, is predicted to be 10 billion in the last quarter of the next century (9) and will place greater demands on the production and processing of food. 

Lobo, F, and G. Velasquez (eds) (1997), Los medicamentos ante las nuevas realidades econdmicas, Madrid Civitas (an English language version is available entitled Lobo, F. and G. Velasquez (eds), Medicines and the New Economic Environment, Madrid Civitas.)... 

Social Work The use of community resources, individual case work, or group work to promote the adaptive capacities of individuals in relation to their social and economic environments. It includes social service agencies. [NIH]... 

Pharmacological Profiling as the Tool to Avoid Drug Failure 6.11.1 Economic Environment The Cost of Drug Failure... 

The scale of bioreactions is listed in Table 5.3. In today s economic environment there are three distinct scales of operation. On the large scale the emphasis of research is generally on fermentation technology and process engineering, while this emphasis changes as the scale of operation is reduced and ultimately the research is dominated by work in genetic manipulation and catalyst development. 

Typical project-related risks are supply, market and economic environment, financial, construction and completion, regulatory and political risks30 [11,12], Supply risks mean that there is a probability31 of non-... 

All activities identified in Table 5 should occur prior to beginning process validation. The economic environment of most drug companies is such that no... 

The discovery of specific therapeutic measures directed at arterial hypertension has become one of the major problems of biochemistry. The prevalence of this condition in the modern social and economic environment has made it one of the most important diseases to which man is heir. It is time, therefore, to examine the progress made during the past few years in the elucidation of the pathogenesis of this disease, especially those factors of biochemical interest. 

General Equilibrium Model for Energy-Economics-Environment... 

DOFs in an optimization case are independent variables that have final control elements, such as valves. These DOFs include FICs, PICs, TICs, and AICs. Objective functions typically are ones that maximize operating profit (EProduct values — TFccd costs EUtility costs). The aforementioned objective function can serve well in both sold out and market limited economic environments. The different economic environment can be imposed by simply bringing a product flow limit into play (for the market limited situation) or out of play (for the sold out... 

An economic environment described by a set of reference prices [c ] including that of capital... 

With the system embedded in the economic environment, all the energies and materials of interest are evaluated according to their economic potentials (costs). The criterion function is a cost measure. A typical function rated per unit time is... 

Neither the Owner nor the contractor can control factors like project size, type, and location nor can they control local weather or economic environment. However, they can minimize their adverse effects with good project planning and management and, in all cases, by recognizing the dangers and making proper productivity allowances in the estimate. 

The pharmaceuticd industry in the UK has a worldwide reputation, and has been particularly successful in the discovery and development of important new medicines. Government economic policy is aimed at providing a cost-effective health service whilst maintaining an economic environment for safeguarding the success of the pharmaceutical industry. 

The purpose of this scenario is to describe the impact of deregulation and globalisation on organic farming, where the EU experiences a deep economic crisis and a generally austere economic environment. 

---