Plasmid characterization

The selectivity toward sulfur compound structure was differently induced for the CB1 culture, than that of the CB2 culture. In the first case DBT was used as the sole sulfur substrate, while in the second case, biphenyl sulfide was employed. One might deduce then, the application of the CB1 strain for oil and CB2 strain for coal and heavy oils. Plasmid characterization and strain catalytic evaluation results indicated that oxidation of DBT by CB 1 is not plasmid mediated and that inorganic sulfur forms cannot be oxidized by CB 1. 

Molybdate-uptake genes and molybdopterin-biosynthesis genes on a bacterial plasmid-characterization of MoeA as a filament-forming protein with adenosine triphosphatase activity. Fur J Biochem 250 524-531. 

ColEl Regulation by RNA Hairpins. Rephcation of the E. coli plasmid ColEl is regulated by two short RNA molecules and a protein in a system that provides an example of the unique stmcmral elements accessible to RNA molecules. Multidimensional heteronuclear nmr spectroscopy has been used to characterize the complex formed between the two RNAs (25). Each of the RNA molecules fold back on the other to form a pair of hairpin... 

Bolivar, F., Rodriguez, R. L., Greene, P. J., et al., 1977. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. II. A multipurpose cloning system. Gene 2 95-113. A paper describing one of the early plasmid cloning systems. 

Over 4 decades, between 1960 and 2000, the development of new antibiotics used well characterized basic structures for partial synthetic modifications, primarily to overcome resistance by increasing the pharmacodynamic properties and, secondarily, to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of older compounds. However, bacteria rapidly responded by acquiring additional genetic alterations either as mutations or by accumulating resistance genes as part of mobile genetic elements ( integrons) on transferable resistance plasmids. 

Plasmid- ortransposon-encoded chloramphenicol acetyltransferases (CATs) are responsible for resistance by inactivating the antibiotic. CATs convert chloramphenicol to an acetoxy derivative which fails to bind to the ribosomal target. Several CATs have been characterized and found to differ in properties such as elecfrophorefic mobilify and cafalyfic acfivify. 

Harayama S, M Rekik, M Wubbolts, K Rose, RA Leppik, KN Timmis (1989) Characterization of five genes in the upper-pathway operon of TOE plasmid pPWWO from Pseudomonas putida and identification of the gene products. J Bacterial 171 5048-5055. 

Basta T, A Keck, J Klein, A Stolz (2004) Detection and characterization of conjugative plasmids in xenobiotic-degrading Sphingomonas strains. J Bacteriol 186 3862-3872. 

Chaudhry GS, GH Huang (1988) Isolation and characterization of a new plasmid from a Elavobacte-rium sp. which carries the genes for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate. J Bacteriol 170 3897-3902. 

Kawasaki H, H Yahara, K Tonomura (1981) Isolation and characterization of plasmid pUOl mediating deha-logenation of haloacetate and mercury resistance in Moraxella sp. B. A nc Biol Chem 45 1477-1481. 

Kreiss M, J Eberspacher, F Lingens (1981) Detection and characterization of plasmids in Chloridazon and Antipyrin degrading bacteria. Zbl Bakteriol Hyg, lAbt Orig C2 45-60. 

Tam AC, RM Behki, SU Khan (1987) Isolation and characterization of an S-ethyl-V,V-dipropylthiocarbamate-degrading Arthrobacter strain and evidence for plasmid-associated S-ethyl-V,V-dipropylthiocarbamate degradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 53 1088-1093. 

Van der Meer JR, ARW van Neerven, EJ de Vries, WM de Vos, AJB Zehnder (1991) Cloning and characterization of plasmid-encoding genes for the degradation of 1,2-dichloro-, 1,4-dichloro-, and 1,2,4-trichlo-robenzene of Pseudomonas sp. strain P51. J Bacterial 173 6-15. 

Park H-S, H-S Kim (2000) Identification and characterization of the nitrobenzene catabolic plasmids pNBl and pNB2 in Pseudomonas putida. J Bacterial 182 573-580. 

Dabrock B, M Ke eler, B Averhoff, G Gottschalk (1994) Identification and characterization of a transmissible linear plasmid from Rhodococcus erythropolis BD2 that encodes isopropylbenzene and trichloro ethylene catabolism. Appl Environ Microbiol 60 853-860. 

Antoine, R. and Locht, C. (1992) Isolation and molecular characterization of a novel broad-host-range plasmid from Bordetella bronchiseptica with sequence similarities to plasmids from Gram-positive organisms. Molecular Microbiology, 6, 1785-1799. 

Denis-Larose, C. Bergeron, H. Labbe, D., et al., Characterization of the Basic Replicon of Rhodococcus Plasmid pSOX and Development of a Rhodococcus Escherichia Coli Shuttle Vector. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1998. 64(11) pp. 4363-4367. 

Further work at EniTecnologies was conducted with Rhodococcus strains. Rhodococ-cus was selected for its metabolical versatility, easy availability in soils and water, and remarkable solvent tolerance. Its capabilities for catalyzing diverse transformation reactions of crude oils, such as sulfur removal, alkanes and aromatics oxidation and catabolism caught their attention. Hence, genetic tools for the engineering of Rhodococcus strains have been applied to improve its biotransformation performance and its tolerance to certain common contaminants of the crude oil, such as cadmium. The development of active biomolecules led to the isolation and characterization of plasmid vectors and promoters. Strains have been constructed in which the careful over-expression of selected components of the desulfurization pathway leads to the enhancement of the sulfur removal activity in model systems. Rhodococcus, Gordona, and Nocardia were transformed in this way trying to improve their catalytic performance in BDS. In a... 

Neu M, Germershaus O, Mao S, Voigt KH, Behe M, Kissel T (2007) Crosslinked nanocarriers based upon poly(ethylene imine) for systemic plasmid delivery in vitro characterization and in vivo studies in mice. J Control Release 118 370-380... 

Murray BE, Hodel-Christian SL Bacterial resistance Theoretical and practical considerations, mutations to antibiotic resistance, characterization of R plasmid, and detection of plasmid-specific genes in Lorian V (ed) Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine, ed 4. Baltimore, Williams Wilkins, 1996. 

Hardesty, C., Ferran, C. and DiRienzo, J. M. (1991). Plasmid-mediated sucrose metabolism in Escherichia colt characterization of scrY, the structural gene for a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sucrose phosphotransferase system outer membrane porin, J. Bacteriol, 173, 449-456. 

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