Multidimensional heteronuclear NMR

ColEl Regulation by RNA Hairpins. Rephcation of the E. coli plasmid ColEl is regulated by two short RNA molecules and a protein in a system that provides an example of the unique stmcmral elements accessible to RNA molecules. Multidimensional heteronuclear nmr spectroscopy has been used to characterize the complex formed between the two RNAs (25). Each of the RNA molecules fold back on the other to form a pair of hairpin... 

Gooley PR, Johnson BA, Marcy AI, Cuca GC, Salowe SP, Hagmann WK, Esser CK, Springer JP. Secondary structure and zinc ligation of human recombinant short-form stromelysin by multidimensional heteronuclear NMR. Biochemistry 1993 32 13098-13108. 

Miuea, T., Kiaus, W., Gsell, B., Miyamoto, C. and Senn, H. Characterization of the binding interface between ubiquitin and class I human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2b by multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy in solution. J Mol Biol 1999, 290, 213-28. 

The solution structure of a thioredoxin from B. acidocaldarius (Topt = 60 °C) has been studied by NMR and compared with that of E. coli determined by X-ray analysis. It was found that the higher thermostability of the former is due to cumulative effects, the main factor being an increased number of ionic interactions cross-linking different secondary structural elements. Multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy was also employed to characterize thioredoxin homologues found in the hyperthermophilic... 

Multidimensional heteronuclear NMR experiments for determining the structure of isotopically labelled RNA were discussed in detail by Pardi. ... 

R121 G. M. Clore and A. M. Gronenborn, Structures of Larger Proteins, Protein-Ligand, and Protein-DNA Complexes by Multidimensional Heteronuclear NMR , in Multidimensional NMR Methods for the Solution State, eds. G. Morris and J. Emsley, John Wiley Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK, 2010, p. 473. 

Multidimensional and heteronuclear NMR techniques have revolutionised the use of NMR spectroscopy for the structure determination of organic molecules from small to complex. Multidimensional NMR also allows observation of forbidden multiple-quantum transitions and probing of slow dynamic processes, such as chemical exchange, cross-relaxation, transient Over-hauser effects, and spin-diffusion in solids. 

Gemmecker G and Kessler H (1995) Methodology and applications of heteronuclear and multidimensional C NMR to the elucidation of molecular structure and dynamics in the liquid state. In Beckmann N (ed.) Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy of Biological Systems, pp. 7-64. San Diego Academic Press. 

The development and application of multidimensional solid state homo- and heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) NMR techniques have lead to an increasingly important role in structure solution of zeolitic materials and have had many practical applications in the detailed structural characterization of completely siliceous zeolites[6,7] and AlPOs.[8-ll] However, HETCOR NMR is not readily applicable to aluminosilicates... 

Due to the ready accessibility of SH2 domains by molecular biology techniques, numerous experimentally determined 3D structures of SH2 domains derived by X-ray crystallography as well as heteronuclear multidimensional NMR spectroscopy are known today. The current version of the protein structure database, accessible to the scientific community by, e.g., the Internet (http //www.rcsb.org/pdb/) contains around 80 entries of SH2 domain structures and complexes thereof. Today, the SH2 domain structures of Hck [62], Src [63-66], Abl [67], Grb2 [68-71], Syp [72], PLCy [73], Fyn [74], SAP [75], Lck [76,77], the C- and N-terminal SH2 domain ofp85a [78-80], and of the tandem SH2 domains Syk [81,82], ZAP70 [83,84], and SHP-2 [85] are determined. All SH2 domains display a conserved 3D structure as can be expected from multiple sequence alignments (Fig. 4). The common structural fold consists of a central three-stranded antiparallel ft sheet that is occasionally extended by one to three additional short strands (Fig. 5). This central ft sheet forms the spine of the domain which is flanked on both sides by regular a helices [49, 50,60]. 

The ribosome recycling factor (RRF) is a 21 kDa protein which is involved in the termination step of protein biosynthesis and catalyses the breakdown of the post termination complex into ribosome, tRNA and mRNA. The solution structure of RRF from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus (7 opt = 85°Q was determined by heteronuclear multidimensional NMR spectroscopy, whereas the backbone NMR assignment was recently carried out for RRF from Themotoga maritima and Thermus thermophilus ... 

Cook, R. L., McIntyre, D. D., Langford, C. H., and Vogel, H. J. (2003). A comprehensive liquid-state heteronuclear and multidimensional NMR study of Laurentian fulvic acid. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37, 3935-3944. 

Schleucher, J., Schwendinger, M., Sattler, M., et al. (1994) A general enhancement scheme in heteronuclear multidimensional NMR employing pulsed field gradients. J. Biomol. NMR 4, 301-306. 

Sattler M, Schleucher J, Griesinger C. Heteronuclear multidimensional NMR experiments for the structure determination of proteins in solution employing pulsed field gradients. Progress Nuclear Magnet. Reson. Spectros. 1999 34 93-158. 

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