Plasma insulin

Glucagon also has been used to diagnose insulinoma and pheochromocytoma. For the former, the rise in plasma insulin concentration following... 

Perley M, Kpnis D (1967) Plasma insulin responses to oral and intravenous glucose studies in normal and diabetic subjects. J Clin Invest 46 1954—1962... 

BARDOCZ S, GRANT G, PUSZTAI A, FRANKLIN M F, CARVALHO A (1996) The effect of phytohaemagglutinin at different dietary concentrations on the growth, body composition and plasma insulin of the rat. Br J Nutr. 76 613-26. 

Conjunctival insulin absorption in rabbits estimated as plasma insulin levels after punctal occlusion was also shown to be increased by bile salts (sodium deoxycholate, glycocholate, and taurocholate) and a surfactant (polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether) [200], Their rank order of effectiveness at 1% was sodium deoxycholate > polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether > sodium glycocholate = sodium taurocholate. There was an 18-, 29-, 3-, and 3-fold increase, respectively, in conjunctival absorption. Sodium deoxycholate, a dihydroxy bile salt, was more effec-... 

Holmes, M.D., Poliak, M.N., Willett, W.C., and Hankinson, S.E. 2002. Dietary correlates of plasma insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 concentrations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11 852-861. 

After 48 h, marked increase in blood glucose, depressed plasma insulin level, marked depletion of liver glycogen, significant increase in plasma creatinine phosphokinase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity (Giri etal. 1979)... 

Figure 3. Regression of plasma insulin levels against urinary calcium excretion for animals in all treatment groups.

The above experiments strongly suggest to us that a linear relationship exists between serum or plasma insulin levels over a wide physiological range, and urinary calcium excretion. The calciuric response to arginine or glucose infusion does not occur if insulin secretion is prevented, as evidenced by the data obtained from animals made acutely insulinopenic by mannoheptulose, or more chronically diabetic by streptozotocin. 

Chan, J.M. (1998). Plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 and prostate cancer risk a... 

Figure 3.23 A sequence of processes explaining the role of glucokinase in the liver and fi-cells in regulation of the blood glucose concentration. The increase in the plasma insulin increases glucose uptake by muscle and decreases fatty acid mobilisation from adipose tissue which lowers the plasma fatty acid level which also increases glucose uptake (Chapter 12).

Spellacy, W. N., and Carlson, K. L., Plasma insulin and blood glucose levels in patients taking oral contraceptives. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 95, 474-478 (1966). 

B12. Berson, S. A., and Yalow, R. S. Assay of plasma insulin in human subjects by immunological methods. Nature (London) 184, 1648-1649 (1959). 

Nasal absorption. Sucrose ester of coconut fatty acid in aqueous ethanol solution (sucrose cocoate SL-40) administered intrana-sally to anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 0.5% sucrose cocoate with insulin, produced a rapid and significant increase in plasma insulin level with a concomitant decrease in blood glucose levels. Administration of a dose of 0.5% sucrose cocoate with calcitonin produced a rapid increase in plasma calcitonin levels and a concomitant decrease in plasma calcium levels . 

Kimura, Y., H. Okua, N. Shoji, T. Taemto, and S. Arichi. Effects of nonsugar fraction in black sugar on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Part II. New compounds inhibiting elevation of plasma insulin. Planta Med 1984 1984(5) 469-473. 

Pharmacokinetics Insulin glargine is characterized by slow absorption from the subcutaneous injection site and a fiat plasma insulin profile. Absorption patterns are similar after subcutaneous injection into the arm, abdomen, or thigh. A study in patients with type 1 diabetes found that the median time between injection and the end... 

PLASMA INSULIN Low to absent High early in disease low in disease of long duration... 

In 534 individuals aged 30 years, whose mothers had participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of antenatal betamethasone (two intramuscular doses 24 hours apart) for the prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, there were no differences between those exposed to betamethasone and placebo in body size, blood lipids, blood pressure, plasma cortisol, prevalence of diabetes, or history of cardiovascular disease (397). After the oral glucose tolerance test, those who had been exposed to betamethasone had higher plasma insulin concentrations at 30 minutes (61 versus 52 mIU/1) and lower glucose concentrations at 120 minutes (4.8 versus 5.1 mmol/1) than did those exposed to placebo. Antenatal exposure to betamethasone might result in insulin resistance in adult offspring, but has no effect on cardiovascular risk factors at 30 years of age. 

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